Reactivation of peroxidase activity in human saliva samples by polyphenols

Gau, Jana; Arnhold, Jürgen; Flemmig, Jörg

doi:10.1016/j.archoralbio.2017.09.037

Cited by 9 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…OSCN - converts TNB that absorbs light at 412 nm, into a colorless disulfide (5,5’-dithio-bis-[2-nitrobenzoic acid]) (DNTB, Ellman’s reagent). OSCN - production is measured as decrease in OD at 412 nm and is calculated based on the Lambert-Beer Law and the absorption coefficient ε 412 = 14,100 M -1 cm -1 [ 25 ]. OSCN - production is expressed as concentration of OSCN - produced in the volume of the cell-free system under different conditions in 30 minutes.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oxidative killing of encapsulated and nonencapsulated Streptococcus pneumoniae by lactoperoxidase-generated hypothiocyanite

Gingerich¹,

Doja²,

Thomason³

et al. 2020

PLoS ONE

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Streptococcus pneumoniae (Pneumococcus) infections affect millions of people worldwide, cause serious mortality and represent a major economic burden. Despite recent successes due to pneumococcal vaccination and antibiotic use, Pneumococcus remains a significant medical problem. Airway epithelial cells, the primary responders to pneumococcal infection, orchestrate an extracellular antimicrobial system consisting of lactoperoxidase (LPO), thiocyanate anion and hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2). LPO oxidizes thiocyanate using H 2 O 2 into the final product hypothiocyanite that has antimicrobial effects against a wide range of microorganisms. However, hypothiocyanite's effect on Pneumococcus has never been studied. Our aim was to determine whether hypothiocyanite can kill S. pneumoniae. Bactericidal activity was measured in a cell-free in vitro system by determining the number of surviving pneumococci via colony forming units on agar plates, while bacteriostatic activity was assessed by measuring optical density of bacteria in liquid cultures. Our results indicate that hypothiocyanite generated by LPO exerted robust killing of both encapsulated and nonencapsulated pneumococcal strains. Killing of S. pneumoniae by a commercially available hypothiocyanite-generating product was even more pronounced than that achieved with laboratory reagents. Catalase, an H 2 O 2 scavenger, inhibited killing of pneumococcal by hypothiocyanite under all circumstances. Furthermore, the presence of the bacterial capsule or lytA-dependent autolysis had no effect on hypothiocyanite-mediated killing of pneumococci. On the contrary, a pneumococcal mutant deficient in pyruvate oxidase (main bacterial H 2 O 2 source) had enhanced susceptibility to hypothiocyanite compared to its wild-type strain. Overall, results shown here indicate that numerous pneumococcal strains are susceptible to LPO-generated hypothiocyanite.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oxidative killing of encapsulated and nonencapsulated Streptococcus pneumoniae by lactoperoxidase-generated hypothiocyanite

Gingerich¹,

Doja²,

Thomason³

et al. 2020

PLoS ONE

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“…Infammation, however, does have an effect on function of LPO. Intensification of oxidation processes increases the prodution of H2O2 which, in turn, directs LPO into the peroxidation cycle which is inefficient in terms of formation of reactive products [29].…”

Section: Secretion In Physiological and Pathological Conditionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Compound III may to a certain point undergo partial reactivation to Compound II [109,110]; however, it comes to an irreversible inactivation after a longer period of high H 2 O 2 concentrations, through damage to heme and the release of iron.From an industrial point of view, selecting the ratio of lactoperoxidase and H2O2-generating system concentrations is an important aspect of designing preparations with LPO system in order to minimize the risk of inactive lactoperoxidase. It may also be important to use additions of LPO reactivators to prevent the formation of inactive forms and the entry of LPO into the peroxidation cycle at elevated H2O2 concentration in oral pathologies [29].…”

Section: Chemical Mechanism Of Actionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Reactivators include many substances of natural origin belonging to flavonoids [111], polyphenols [29], tannins [77], and cinnamic acid derivatives [112]; moreover, there are ongoing studies on the use of plant extracts containing more than one substance with such an effect [113,114]. In addition to the direct bactericidal action, Flemmig et al showed the reactivating properties of some components of the Olea europaea extract on LPO Compound II [113].…”

Section: Chemical Mechanism Of Actionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Significance of Lactoperoxidase System in Oral Health: Application and Efficacy in Oral Hygiene Products

Magacz

Kędziora

Sapa

et al. 2019

IJMS

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Lactoperoxidase (LPO) present in saliva are an important element of the nonspecific immune response involved in maintaining oral health. The main role of this enzyme is to oxidize salivary thiocyanate ions (SCN−) in the presence of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) to products that exhibit antimicrobial activity. LPO derived from bovine milk has found an application in food, cosmetics, and medical industries due to its structural and functional similarity to the human enzyme. Oral hygiene products enriched with the LPO system constitute an alternative to the classic fluoride caries prophylaxis. This review describes the physiological role of human salivary lactoperoxidase and compares the results of clinical trials and in vitro studies of LPO alone and complex dentifrices enriched with bovine LPO. The role of reactivators and inhibitors of LPO is discussed together with the possibility of using nanoparticles to increase the stabilization and activity of this enzyme.

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“…Compound II and its accumulation. This process impairs the operation of the LPO system by preventing the regeneration of the native form of enzyme and in consequence also of Compound I, responsible for the synthesis of antimicrobial products of the (pseudo)halogenation cycle [ 20 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phenolic Compounds of Reynoutria sp. as Modulators of Oral Cavity Lactoperoxidase System

et al. 2021

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Lactoperoxidase (LPO) together with its (pseudo)halogenation cycle substrates, H2O2 and thiocyanate ions oxidized to hypothiocyanite ions, form one of the main systems involved in antimicrobial defense within the oral cavity. In bacterial diseases such as dental caries, lactoperoxidase is oxidized to a form known as Compound II, which is characterized by its inability to oxidize SCN–, resulting in a decreased generation of antimicrobial products. Reynoutria sp. rizome extracts, due to their high polyphenol content, have been tested as a source of compounds able to regenerate the antimicrobial activity of lactoperoxidase through converting the Compound II to the native LPO state. In the presented study, acetone extracts of R. japonica, R. sachalinensis, and R. x bohemica, together with their five fractions and four selected polyphenols dominating in the studied in extracts, were tested toward lactoperoxidase reactivating potential. For this purpose, IC50, EC50, and activation percentage were determined by Ellman’s method. Furthermore, the rate constants for the conversion of Compound I–Compound II and Compound II–native-LPO in the presence of extracts, extracts fractions, and selected polyphenols were determined. Finally, the ability to enhance the antimicrobial properties of the lactoperoxidase system was tested against Streptococcus mutans. We proved that Reynoutria sp. rhizome is the source of lactoperoxidase peroxidation cycle substrates, which can act as activators and inhibitors of the antimicrobial properties of that system. The presented study shows that the reactivation of lactoperoxidase could become a potential therapeutic target in prevention and treatment support in some infectious oral diseases.

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Reactivation of peroxidase activity in human saliva samples by polyphenols

Cited by 9 publications

References 46 publications

Oxidative killing of encapsulated and nonencapsulated Streptococcus pneumoniae by lactoperoxidase-generated hypothiocyanite

Oxidative killing of encapsulated and nonencapsulated Streptococcus pneumoniae by lactoperoxidase-generated hypothiocyanite

The Significance of Lactoperoxidase System in Oral Health: Application and Efficacy in Oral Hygiene Products

Phenolic Compounds of Reynoutria sp. as Modulators of Oral Cavity Lactoperoxidase System

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