Reactivation of posttraumatic stress in male disaster survivors: The role of residual symptoms

Bøe, Hans Jakob; Holgersen, Katrine Høyer; Holen, Are

doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2010.02.003

Cited by 45 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…Our findings parallel those found in the literature on PTS symptom trajectories postdisaster. A growing body of research documents that adults and children have varied reactions to disaster, but overall, most people report minimal symptoms (Boe, Holgersen, & Holen, 2010; La Greca et al, 2013; Lowe & Rhodes, 2013; Meewisse et al, 2011; Self-Brown, Lai, Harbin, & Kelley, 2014). However, a small percentage of mothers in our study reported chronic, persistent depressive symptoms more than two years postdisaster.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hurricane Katrina: Maternal Depression Trajectories and Child Outcomes

et al. 2015

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Background The authors examined depression trajectories over two years among mothers exposed to Hurricane Katrina. Risk and protective factors for depression trajectories, as well as associations with child outcomes were analyzed. Method This study included 283 mothers (age at time 1, M = 39.20 years, SD = 7.21; 62% African American). Mothers were assessed at four time points over two years following Hurricane Katrina. Mothers reported posttraumatic stress symptoms, hurricane exposure, traumatic life events, and social support at time 1. Depressive symptoms were modeled at times 2, 3, and 4. Youth reported their distress symptoms (posttraumatic stress, depression, and anxiety) at time 4. Results Latent class growth analyses identified three maternal depression trajectories among mothers exposed to Hurricane Katrina: low (61%), resilient (29%), and chronic (10%). Social support was identified as a protective factor among mothers. Conclusions Three main trajectories of maternal depression following Hurricane Katrina were identified. Social support was protective for mothers. Identified trajectories were not associated with children’s distress outcomes. These results have implications for disaster responses, screening efforts, and interventions targeted towards families. Future studies warrant the investigation of additional risk and protective factors that can affect maternal and child outcomes.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hurricane Katrina: Maternal Depression Trajectories and Child Outcomes

et al. 2015

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“…Regardless of the chosen treatment technique, about 40% of subjects present a recurrence of symptoms within the year (Martenyi & Soldatenkova, 2006, Tarrier, Sommerfeld, Pilgrim, & Humphreys, 1999) with a risk of relapse estimated at 20% within five years (Boe, Holgersen, & Holen, 2010). Most studies found a weak association of pre-trauma factors with recovery, presumably due to the strong influence of post-trauma factors (Rosellini et al, 2017).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

e-PTSD: an overview on how new technologies can improve prediction and assessment of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)

Bourla

Mouchabac

El‐Hage

et al. 2018

European Journal of Psychotraumatology

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Background: New technologies may profoundly change our way of understanding psychiatric disorders including posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Imaging and biomarkers, along with technological and medical informatics developments, might provide an answer regarding at-risk patient’s identification. Recent advances in the concept of ‘digital phenotype’, which refers to the capture of characteristics of a psychiatric disorder by computerized measurement tools, is one paradigmatic example. Objective: The impact of the new technologies on health professionals practice in PTSD care remains to be determined. The recent evolutions could disrupt the clinical practices and practitioners in their beliefs, ethics and representations, going as far as questioning their professional culture. In the present paper, we conducted an extensive search to highlight the articles which reflect the potential of these new technologies. Method: We conducted an overview by querying PubMed database with the terms [PTSD] [Posttraumatic stress disorder] AND [Computer] OR [Computerized] OR [Mobile] OR [Automatic] OR [Automated] OR [Machine learning] OR [Sensor] OR [Heart rate variability] OR [HRV] OR [actigraphy] OR [actimetry] OR [digital] OR [motion] OR [temperature] OR [virtual reality]. Results: We summarized the synthesized literature in two categories: prediction and assessment (including diagnostic, screening and monitoring). Two independent reviewers screened, extracted data and quality appraised the sources. Results were synthesized narratively. Conclusions: This overview shows that many studies are underway allowing researchers to start building a PTSD digital phenotype using passive data obtained by biometric sensors. Active data obtained from Ecological Momentary Assessment (EMA) could allow clinicians to assess PTSD patients. The place of connected objects, Artificial Intelligence and remote monitoring of patients with psychiatric pathology remains to be defined. These tools must be explained and adapted to the different profiles of physicians and patients. The involvement of patients, caregivers and health professionals is essential to the design and evaluation of these new tools.

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“…Hallmark symptoms of PTSD are intrusive, traumatic memories with intense emotionality and vividness that interfere with daily life (e.g., Boe, Holgersen, & Holen, 2010). According to the (inter) national clinical guidelines based on meta-analyses, the most effective treatments for PTSD are trauma-focused cognitive behavioral treatment, such as prolonged exposure (PE) and cognitive therapy (CT), and Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) (Van Balkom et al, 2013; World Health Organization, 2013).…”

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confidence: 99%

Degrading traumatic memories with eye movements: a pilot functional MRI study in PTSD

Thomaes

Engelhard

Sijbrandij³

et al. 2016

European Journal of Psychotraumatology

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BackgroundEye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) is an effective treatment for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). During EMDR, the patient recalls traumatic memories while making eye movements (EMs). Making EMs during recall is associated with decreased vividness and emotionality of traumatic memories, but the underlying mechanism has been unclear. Recent studies support a “working-memory” (WM) theory, which states that the two tasks (recall and EMs) compete for limited capacity of WM resources. However, prior research has mainly relied on self-report measures.MethodsUsing functional magnetic resonance imaging, we tested whether “recall with EMs,” relative to a “recall-only” control condition, was associated with reduced activity of primary visual and emotional processing brain regions, associated with vividness and emotionality respectively, and increased activity of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), associated with working memory. We used a randomized, controlled, crossover experimental design in eight adult patients with a primary diagnosis of PTSD. A script-driven imagery (SDI) procedure was used to measure responsiveness to an audio-script depicting the participant's traumatic memory before and after conditions.ResultsSDI activated mainly emotional processing-related brain regions (anterior insula, rostral anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), and dorsomedial prefrontal cortex), WM-related (DLPFC), and visual (association) brain regions before both conditions. Although predicted pre- to post-test decrease in amygdala activation after “recall with EMs” was not significant, SDI activated less right amygdala and rostral ACC activity after “recall with EMs” compared to post-“recall-only.” Furthermore, functional connectivity from the right amygdala to the rostral ACC was decreased after “recall with EMs” compared with after “recall-only.”ConclusionsThese preliminary results in a small sample suggest that making EMs during recall, which is part of the regular EMDR treatment protocol, might reduce activity and connectivity in emotional processing-related areas. This study warrants replication in a larger sample.Highlights of the articleScript driven imagery (SDI) before and after recall of traumatic memories is feasible to investigate working mechanisms of degrading of traumatic memories with eye movements (EMs) in PTSD.Right amygdala and rostral ACC activity was significantly lower after “recall with EMs” than after “recall-only”.Functional connectivity from amygdala to rostral ACC was decreased after “recall with EMs” vs. “recall-only”.This study warrants replication in a larger sample.

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Reactivation of posttraumatic stress in male disaster survivors: The role of residual symptoms

Cited by 45 publications

References 42 publications

Hurricane Katrina: Maternal Depression Trajectories and Child Outcomes

Hurricane Katrina: Maternal Depression Trajectories and Child Outcomes

e-PTSD: an overview on how new technologies can improve prediction and assessment of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)

Degrading traumatic memories with eye movements: a pilot functional MRI study in PTSD

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