Reactivation of Strongyloides stercoralis in patients with SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia receiving dexamethasone

Feria, Lucía; Torrado, Missia; Antón-Vázquez, Vanesa

doi:10.1016/j.medcle.2021.05.011

Cited by 8 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…Interestingly, 37.5% of those in tropical countries were immigrants living either in Spain or the United States. 14,15 Thus, detailed history taking, including travel and socioeconomic and immigration status, may be crucial in identifying those at risk. * Defined as the number of cases reported the variable divided by the number of the total cases.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical Characteristics of Strongyloidiasis during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Systematic Scoping Review

Tanariyakul

Chang

Keitoku

et al. 2023

The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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The clinical impact of Strongyloides stercoralis hyperinfection secondary to immunosuppressive therapy for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been an emerging topic of interest, although characteristics of Strongyloides infection in COVID-19 patients are not yet well characterized. This study summarizes the existing evidence of Strongyloides infection in COVID-19 patients and recommends future areas of research. According to the PRISMA Extension for Scoping Reviews, we performed a search on MEDLINE and EMBASE for articles with keywords including “Strongyloides,” “Strongyloidiasis,” and “COVID-19” from the inception of these databases to June 5, 2022. A total of 104 articles were found. After excluding duplication and thorough reviews, 11 articles, including two observational studies, one conference abstract, and nine case reports or series, were included. Two observational studies focused on revealing the prevalence of Strongyloides screening in COVID-19 patients and clinical follow-up. Among the included cases, patients were mostly from low- or middle-income countries and suffered from severe or critical COVID-19. Strongyloides hyperinfection and disseminated infection were reported in 60% and 20%, respectively. Interestingly, 40% did not have eosinophilia, a hallmark of parasitic infection, potentially leading to delay in diagnosis of strongyloidiasis. This systematic review summarizes the clinical characteristics of strongyloidiasis in COVID-19 infection. Although further studies to identify risks and precipitants associated with the onset of strongyloidiasis are crucial, increased awareness of the critical condition is warranted.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical Characteristics of Strongyloidiasis during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Systematic Scoping Review

Tanariyakul

Chang

Keitoku

et al. 2023

The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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“…Other strongyloidiasis cases have been reported in COVID-19 patients ( 4 – 9 ) ( Table ). Strongyloides hyperinfection syndrome can cause signs and symptoms similar to those of severe COVID-19, including fever, chills, dyspnea, gastrointestinal symptoms, and rash.…”

mentioning

confidence: 87%

Strongyloides Hyperinfection Syndrome among COVID-19 Patients Treated with Corticosteroids

Kim¹,

Sivasubramanian²

2022

Emerg. Infect. Dis.

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Health Unit for interviewing case-patients and assisting with this investigation. We acknowledge the work of various laboratory staff at the Royal Darwin Hospital, who tested specimens and provided the results that contributed to the quality of this report. We thank the Australian Medical Assistance Team managed by the National Critical Care and Trauma Centre and staff at the Howard Springs International Quarantine Centre for their collaboration and the safe management of these international arrivals during quarantine. We thank Qantas Airways for repatriating persons home to Australia and their cooperation and valuable contribution to this investigation.

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“…Since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, several cases of SHS /disseminated strongyloidiasis following the use of dexamethasone and other immunomodulatory drugs for COVID-19 treatment have been reported in the literature [33 ▪ ,34,35 ▪ ,36–40]. Dexamethasone has become a standard of care for SARS-CoV-2-infected patients requiring invasive mechanical ventilation or supplemental oxygen [41].…”

Section: Strongyloides and Coronavirus Disease 2019mentioning

confidence: 99%

Strongyloidiasis-related lung involvement: too much of a bad thing

Barkati

Greenaway

Libman

2023

Current Opinion in Infectious Diseases

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Purpose of reviewStrongyloidiasis is a soil-transmitted helminthiasis, a neglected tropical disease that affects 300–900 million individuals globally. Strongyloides stercoralis is associated with cutaneous, respiratory, and gastrointestinal clinical manifestations. Chronicity is due to an autoinfective cycle, and host immunosuppression can lead to severe and fatal disease. Lung involvement is significant in severe strongyloidiasis, and Strongyloides has a complex association with a number of lung diseases, which will be discussed in this review.Recent findingsThe treatment of chronic lung diseases such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease with corticosteroids is an important risk factor for Strongyloides hyperinfection syndrome (SHS)/disseminated strongyloidiasis. The use of corticosteroids in the treatment of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and potentially COVID-19-induced eosinopenia are risk factors for severe strongyloidiasis. Recent findings have demonstrated a significant immunomodulatory role of Strongyloides in both latent and active pulmonary tuberculosis associated to an impaired immune response and poor outcomes in active pulmonary tuberculosis.SummaryStrongyloides lung involvement is a common finding in severe infection. Prompt recognition of Strongyloides infection as well as prevention of severe disease by screening or presumptive treatment are important goals in order to improve Strongyloides outcomes in at-risk population.

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Reactivation of Strongyloides stercoralis in patients with SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia receiving dexamethasone

Cited by 8 publications

References 4 publications

Clinical Characteristics of Strongyloidiasis during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Systematic Scoping Review

Clinical Characteristics of Strongyloidiasis during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Systematic Scoping Review

Strongyloides Hyperinfection Syndrome among COVID-19 Patients Treated with Corticosteroids

Strongyloidiasis-related lung involvement: too much of a bad thing

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