Reactive and proactive congestion management for emergency building evacuation

Abstract

We introduce two congestion metrics to guide emergency evacuations using sensing and local area networks, that use current congestion and congestion forecasts, together with the Cognitive Packet Network (CPN), a routing algorithm which intelligently discovers paths. Using simulations we find that CPN performs well for emergency evacuation with such metrics, and also reveal the dynamics that these schemes can create.

Design and experimental evaluation of an interactive system for pre-movement time reduction in case of fire

“…Another system in real-time building monitoring technologies concerns sensor units and communication network based on wireless Zig-Bee which can also be used in evacuation situations [44][45][46][47], such as those for construction elevator security system [48] or patient localization and environmental monitoring [49]. Localization data can be elaborated by different algorithms [32] in order to give information or stimuli to people evacuating (e.g., appropriate evacuation routes) [50][51][52][53][54]. The interactive module effectively returns information and stimuli to the occupants based on algorithm results.…”

A distributed system model for managing data ingestion in a wireless sensor network

“…The algorithm for detecting an evacuation route is based on different stages of interaction between all components of the communications network and previous analysis of management traffic modeling systems evacuation [11], [12], [13]. The reactive signaling component shows to the user the optimal and fastest route to take in emergency situations through the visual signals and the activation of light sequence.…”

On Oscillation-Free Emergency Navigation via Wireless Sensor Networks

“…Using wireless technologies and distributed decision, emergency response [23] or emergency management [24]- [26] (also called emergency evacuation [27]) enable intelligent and fast response to emergencies. We note that not only the dynamics of emergency but the crowd congestion can beget the oscillation path.…”

“…The pedestrian congestion problem is addressed by means of the maximum flow and minimum cut theorem [28]. Cognitive Packet Network (CPN) is introduced to deal with routing and flow control in large scale and fast changing networks [26], [29]. Based on CPN, such a approach in [26] can calculate the path traversal time and the maximum number of evacuees that can transit the concerned position over the period of time.…”

“…Cognitive Packet Network (CPN) is introduced to deal with routing and flow control in large scale and fast changing networks [26], [29]. Based on CPN, such a approach in [26] can calculate the path traversal time and the maximum number of evacuees that can transit the concerned position over the period of time. From a practical point of view, the capacity of paths is bounded by the physical space, (e.g., the width of the exit or the corridors), which is susceptible to the dynamics of emergency instead of the path traversal time.…”