Reactive Compatibilization of Polymer Blends

Brown, Scott

doi:10.1007/0-306-48244-4_5

Cited by 37 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 378 publications

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“…In particular, the latter method consists in the formation of block, graft, or cross-linked copolymers at the interface through covalent bond formation in situ during the reactive compatibilization step. There are two distinct processes available for copolymer formation at the interface, which are a direct process for the polymers which have reactive functionality and a mediation process by addition of a reactive compatibilizer [11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

PLA maleation: an easy and effective method to modify the properties of PLA/PCL immiscible blends

2014

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In this study, maleic-anhydride-grafted polylactide (PLA-g-MA) was investigated as a potential compatibilizing agent for the polylactide (PLA)/poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) system, with the aim of enhancing the final properties of the two polymer blends. Indeed, PLA-g-MA was prepared via reactive blending through a free radical process and characterized by means of 1 H-NMR and titration measurements, which demonstrated that the employed procedure allows grafting 0.7 wt% of MA onto the polymer backbone, while avoiding a dramatic reduction of PLA molecular mass. The specific effect of the MA-grafted PLA on the features of the PLA/PCL system was highlighted by adding different amounts of PLA-g-MA to 70:30 (w/w) PLA/PCL blends, where the 70 % PLA component was progressively substituted by its maleated modification. The efficiency of PLA-g-MA as a compatibilizer for the PLA/PCL blends was assessed through SEM analysis, which showed that the dimensions of PCL domains decrease and their adhesion to PLA improves by increasing the amount of PLA-g-MA in the blends. The peculiar microstructure promoted by the presence of PLA-g-MA was found to enhance the mechanical properties of the blend, improving the elongation at break without decreasing its Young's modulus. Our study demonstrated that not only the microstructure but also the thermal properties of the blends were significantly affected by the replacement of PLA with PLA-g-MA.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

PLA maleation: an easy and effective method to modify the properties of PLA/PCL immiscible blends

2014

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“…23 Thus a comparison of the adhesion between MAPP and S100 vs. that between nonreactive PP and S100 will yield information about whether the starch-MAPP reaction has occurred or not. A crack propagation test was performed on pressed films of the samples.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Renewable elastomers based on blends of maleated polypropylene and plasticized starch

DeLeo

Goetz

Young

et al. 2010

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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Most recent developments in polymers from renewable resources have focused on thermoplastics, whereas there has been no comparable development of plastics with elastomeric properties. Here we evaluate the possibility of developing renewable elastomers based on starch. Potato starch plasticized with glycerol (called plasticized starch, or PLS) was melt-blended with small quantities (5 wt % or 15 wt%) of maleated polypropylene (MAPP). The maleic anhydride groups of the polypropylene are expected to react with the hydroxy groups of starch under melt blending conditions. The resulting blends of MAPP and PLS were characterized by mechanical testing, SEM, DMA, and DSC. SEM, solubility and adhesion tests indicate that the blends are two-phase materials, in which the continuous phase PLS is physically crosslinked by polypropylene domains. The materials showed rubbery properties as judged by a low glass transition temperature ($À50 C independent of polypropylene content), and a wide rubbery plateau in DMA experiments that extended from room temperature to as high as 170 C. The tensile properties are also characteristic of elastomers. However, slow aging due to starch crystallization, and extraction of glycerol upon water exposure remain two challenges that must be overcome before the materials can be used as practical elastomers.

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“…To improve the miscibility of blends and increase the interfacial adhesion between the matrix and the disperse phase, the method of reactive compatibilization was developed . Strong toughening effects are usually achieved by reactive blending to obtain the well‐dispersed rubber inclusion . Considering the grafting efficiency, the interfacial adhesion between small particles of block copolymer elastomer and polyamide matrix is not strong enough to initiate particle cavitation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…12,[24][25][26] Strong toughening effects are usually achieved by reactive blending to obtain the well-dispersed rubber inclusion. 3,26,27 Considering the grafting efficiency, the interfacial adhesion between small particles of block copolymer elastomer and polyamide matrix is not strong enough to initiate particle cavitation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toughening of polyamide‐6 with little loss in modulus by block copolymer containing poly(styrene‐alt‐maleic acid) segment

Zhan

Zhang

et al. 2017

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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Toughening of polyamide‐6 (PA6) by elastomers without sacrificing the modulus of blends has always been a challenge. In this study, PA6 was modified by poly(styrene‐alt‐maleic acid)‐block‐polystyrene‐block‐poly(n‐butyl acrylate)‐block‐polystyrene tetrablock copolymer (BCP) elastomer. The introduced acid groups in BCP resulted in the size of BCP inclusions down to nanometers in polyamide matrix. 10 wt % of BCP‐modified PA6 blends achieved five times increase in notched impact strength with almost no loss in modulus. Microscopic observations suggested the cavitation of elastomer particles and shear yielding of PA6 matrix to be the major toughening mechanism. This research provides a strategy to toughen polyamides by block copolymers at very low rubber content. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 44849.

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Reactive Compatibilization of Polymer Blends

Cited by 37 publications

References 378 publications

PLA maleation: an easy and effective method to modify the properties of PLA/PCL immiscible blends

PLA maleation: an easy and effective method to modify the properties of PLA/PCL immiscible blends

Renewable elastomers based on blends of maleated polypropylene and plasticized starch

Toughening of polyamide‐6 with little loss in modulus by block copolymer containing poly(styrene‐alt‐maleic acid) segment

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