Reactive dyeing of ramie yarn washed by liquid ammonia

Cai, Yingjie; Su, Siwei; Navik, Rahul; Lou, Kankan; Peng, Xiongyi; Wang, Qiang; Zhang, Ping; Lin, Lina

doi:10.1007/s10570-017-1645-7

Cited by 12 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…However, new hydrogen bonding networks with completely different patterns and cross-binding patterns, named cellulose II and cellulose III, were generated with the removal of NaOH and NH 3 from these cellulose complexes in the amorphous and crystalline regions [ 11 , 28 ]. Besides this, the cellulose microfibrils led to difficult recrystallization and the treated samples were mainly composed of smaller crystallites within the fibers [ 29 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Combination of Pre- and Post-Mercerization Processes for Cotton Fabric

et al. 2022

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The dyeing process commonly deteriorates the luster of pre-mercerized cotton fabric, so post-mercerization processes are regularly applied to compensate for this. Herein, the influence of combining pre-mercerization with CS (caustic solution) or LA (liquid ammonia) and post-mercerization with CS or LA on the morphological structure, dyeing performance, tensile strength, and stiffness of woven cotton fabric was investigated. The crystallinity index values greatly decreased from 73.12 to 51.25, 58.73, 38.42, and 40.90% after the combined mercerization processes of LA–LA, CS–CS, LA–CS, and CS–LA, respectively. Additionally, the CS–LA- and LA–CS-treated samples exhibited a mixture of cellulose II and cellulose III allomorphs. The combined mercerization processing of cotton fabric resulted in slightly worse thermal stability. The LA and CS pre-mercerization processes increased the dye exhaustion, although the former decreased the dye fixation rate while the latter increased it by 4% for both dyes. The color strength of the dyed cotton fabric increased after both post-mercerization processes. Moreover, the fabric stiffness and mechanical properties showed an increasing trend due to the combined mercerization efforts.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Combination of Pre- and Post-Mercerization Processes for Cotton Fabric

et al. 2022

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“…The CI further decreased to 41.23% and 38.87% after the sequential CM/LA and LA/CM treatments. It is noteworthy that the LA treatment offered a better effect on cellulose allomorph conversion than CM, either applied as an individual treatment or in combination with CM, which was mainly due to its low surface tension and smaller molecular size (3.11–3.99 Å) [ 14 ]. Thus, liquid ammonia was able to infiltrate crystalline quickly, while penetrating low-order areas and pores [ 14 , 15 , 16 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is noteworthy that the LA treatment offered a better effect on cellulose allomorph conversion than CM, either applied as an individual treatment or in combination with CM, which was mainly due to its low surface tension and smaller molecular size (3.11–3.99 Å) [ 14 ]. Thus, liquid ammonia was able to infiltrate crystalline quickly, while penetrating low-order areas and pores [ 14 , 15 , 16 ]. However, compared to alone CM and LA treatments, sequential treatment exhibited a better effect on the crystallinity modification and forming a high volume of an amorphous region within the cotton fiber because of their collaborative effect.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The new hydrogen bond networks in amorphous and crystalline areas with new patterns of cross-linking named cellulose II and cellulose III respectively were created when the liquid ammonia and NaOH solution had been removed from the cellulose complexes [ 19 , 20 ]. In addition, the cellulose microfibrils were difficult to recrystallize, which made for a smaller crystallinity in the treated cotton samples [ 14 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Influence of Sequential Liquid Ammonia and Caustic Mercerization Pre-Treatment on Dyeing Performance of Knit Cotton Fabric

et al. 2022

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A two-stage sequential pretreatment including caustic mercerization (CM) and liquid ammonia (LA) treatment was applied to investigate the influence on dyeing performance and handle of knit cotton fabric, and the relationship between dye size and dyeing properties. Various techniques were applied to characterize all the treated fabrics. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) analyses of the treated fabrics confirmed that both sequential treatments decreased the crystallinity of cotton fabric more than only the CM or LA treatment. The pattern of cellulose I was transferred to a mixed configuration of cellulose II and cellulose III after the CM/LA or LA/CM treatment. Thermal performances measured by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential thermogravimetry (DTG) techniques showed that the thermal stability of the treated cotton only marginally decreased. The wicking height increased after the sequential CM/LA treatment, indicating that the hydrophilicity of the fabric increased. The dye absorption and color uniformity were better for the reactive dye with a smaller molecular weight (Reactive Red 2) compared with the one with a larger molecular weight (Reactive Red 195). The total dye fixation efficiency (T%) increased to 72.93% and 73.24% for Reactive Red 2 dyeings of CM/LA- and LA/CM-cotton fabric from 46.75% of the untreated fabric, respectively; the T% increased to 65.33% and 72.27% for Reactive Red 195 dyeings of CM/LA- and LA/CM-cotton fabric from 35.17% of the untreated fabric, respectively. The colorfastness and dye exhaustion and fixation percentages of the samples were enhanced after the treatments. Furthermore, compared to the single CM or LA treatment, the softness handle properties were further improved after the fabrics were sequentially treated by CM/LA. The developed pre-treatment of CM/LA can be used in the textile industry to promote the dyeability, handle, and mechanical properties of knit cotton fabrics.

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“…In this process, Cellulose I (the most important part in nature cotton and flax fiber) turns into Cellulose III. This change of structure results in the dimensional stability, softness and smaller shrinkage of fabric (Cai et al , 2014, 2017; Navik et al , 2017; Peng et al , 2017). But the microscopic mechanism between ammonia and cellulose cannot be understood completely under the restriction of experimental apparatus and methods.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diffusion behaviors of liquid ammonia in the cellulose based on molecular dynamics simulation

Huang

2019

IJCST

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Purpose In the textile industry, liquid ammonia treatment is an important way to modify the structure of natural fibers. The purpose of this paper is to reveal the diffusion behaviors of liquid ammonia in cellulose. Design/methodology/approach To analysis the diffusion behaviors of liquid ammonia in cellulose, the cellulose model and the system of ammonia and cellulose are built. Infrared spectrum is carried out to test the model of cellulose, which is found to agree with experiment. Diffusion coefficients, free volume and hydrogen bonds are discussed to explain diffusion behaviors. Findings The results demonstrate that diffusion coefficients and free volume of systems rise with increasing temperature. The diffusion coefficients of ammonia are larger than those of water, a result in agreement with free volume. To understand the mechanism of diffusion, the numbers of hydrogen bonds are tracked. It is found that without ammonia, intrachain hydrogen bonds decrease with the increase of temperature, which indicate that the structural stability of cellulose is deteriorated. And the increased interchain hydrogen bonds show that swelling properties of cellulose become better with the increase of temperature. After ammonia treatment, the numbers of intrachain hydrogen bonds remain stable, indicating that the structure stability of cellulose chain is maintained. But, there is a substantial rupture of interchain hydrogen bonds, ammonia molecule destroys the hydrogen bond network between the original cellulose molecular chains, which intensifies the activity of cellulose molecular chains and enlarges the distance between cellulose molecular chains, showing good swelling properties. Originality/value The research findings give a detailed information about the diffusion behaviors of liquid ammonia in cellulose, which provide the theoretical evidence for liquid ammonia treatment.

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Reactive dyeing of ramie yarn washed by liquid ammonia

Cited by 12 publications

References 43 publications

Combination of Pre- and Post-Mercerization Processes for Cotton Fabric

Combination of Pre- and Post-Mercerization Processes for Cotton Fabric

Influence of Sequential Liquid Ammonia and Caustic Mercerization Pre-Treatment on Dyeing Performance of Knit Cotton Fabric

Diffusion behaviors of liquid ammonia in the cellulose based on molecular dynamics simulation

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