Reactive Extraction of 4 Hydroxybenzoic Acid Using Tri-n-Butyl Phosphate in Toluene and Petroleum Ether at 298 K

Abstract

4-Hydroxybenzoic acid has vivid applications in the polymer, pharmaceutical, cosmetic, and food industries. Therefore, it is worth separating 4-hydroxybenzoic acid from effluent streams of different industries such as the olive oil mill, pulp and paper, and wine industry. Reactive extraction is an efficient and economic technique for the separation of carboxylic acids. The experiments for the separation of 4-hydroxybenzoic acid from aqueous solution were performed using tri-n-butylphosphate (TBP) in toluene and petroleum ether at 298 K. The investigations were quantified in terms of the distribution coefficient (K D), extraction efficiency (E %), loading ratio (Z), and equilibrium complexation constant (K E). The maximum E % and K D values were 97.14% and 24.84 in toluene and 95.14% and 15.55 in petroleum ether with TBP, respectively. The TBP–toluene system was found better than the TBP–petroleum ether for the separation of 4-hydroxybenzoic acid. The minimum solvent-to-feed ratio and the number of stages for the extraction process were also calculated, and the number of stages was seven for the TBP–toluene system and six for the TBP–petroleum ether system for a maximum TBP concentration of 0.758 mol kg–1.

Release Characteristic and Antioxidant Activity of 4‐Hydroxybenzoic Acid (4HB) from Sodium Alginate and Polyvinyl Alcohol‐based Hydrogel

“…It was notable that antioxidant activities can be attributed to radical scavenging ability. Furthermore, Joshi et al [7] investigated the extraction parameter of hydroxybenzoic acid (4HB). With various types of solvent, it consequently offered the percent yield of bioactive molecule extracted from naturally occurring resource.…”