Reactive oxygen species and hydrogen peroxide generation in cell migration

Abstract

Directional cell migration is a complex process that requires spatially and temporally co-ordinated regulation of actin cytoskeleton dynamics. In response to external cues, signals are transduced to elicit cytoskeletal responses. It has emerged that reactive oxygen species, including hydrogen peroxide, are important second messengers in pathways that influence the actin cytoskeleton, although the identities of key proteins regulated by hydrogen peroxide are largely unknown. We recently showed that oxidation of cofilin1 is elevated in migrating cells relative to stationary cells, and that the effect of this post-translational modification is to reduce cofilin1-actin binding and to inhibit filamentous-actin severing by cofilin1. These studies revealed that cofilin1 regulation by hydrogen peroxide contributes to directional cell migration, and established a template for discovering additional proteins that are regulated in an analogous manner.

Synergistic Antibacterial Activity of Silver-Loaded Graphene Oxide towards Staphylococcus Aureus and Escherichia Coli

“…It is noted that induced oxidative stress is caused by the accumulation of intracellular ROS, such as hydrogen peroxide, superoxide anions, hydroxyl radicals, and singlet molecular oxygen [67]. The CV test was conducted using PBS as the supporting electrolyte in the presence of H 2 O 2 electrolyte, which attracted much interest as an indicator of oxidative stress [50,53]. As indicated in Figure 4b, Ag NPs displayed a shoulder peak near −0.1 V, which means that Ag NPs might exhibit potential for ROS production, whereas an apparent strong redox peak of GO-Ag NPs shifted at −0.3 V suggests a notably active surface [68].…”

“…This synergistic behavior of GO-Ag NPs was not present in GO or Ag NPs. This method offers new biological insights into early bacterial stimulation of the antibacterial response and supplies a new tool for investigating free radical scavenging of materials [53].…”

The Effects of Trifolium pratense L. Sprouts’ Phenolic Compounds on Cell Growth and Migration of MDA-MB-231, MCF-7 and HUVEC Cells

“…Chronic elevation of ROS induces intracellular oxidative damage leading to metabolic failure and cellular death [27]. Additionally, ROS act within cells to promote migration and influence the behavior of migrating cells through the reorganization of actin cytoskeleton and adhesion [28,29]. Thus, in further steps we checked red clover extracts' influences at IC 0 dosages on ROS generation.…”

“…Both parameters decreased nearly 50% for all extracts. Zhou et al demonstrated that inhibition of MDA-MB-231 cells' migration at nontoxic concentrations of formononetin was connected with reduced expression of metalloproteinases MMP-2 and MMP-9, and increased expression of these enzymes inhibitors: TIMP-1 and TIMP-2 [28].…”

“…It was mentioned previously that during cell migration, the actin cytoskeleton undergoes dynamic changes. Among the key promoting intermediators of migration are ROS, especially H 2 O 2 , which can be generated by enzymes known as nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase (NO X ) complexes, and molecules interacting with CAsL (MICAL) proteins [28,29]. ROS have been linked directly to reorganization of filamentous actin structures via oxidation of both cytoskeletal and nuclear actin, or cofilin-1 increasing actin polymerization.…”