Reactive Oxygen Species in Phytopathogenic Fungi: Signaling, Development, and Disease

Heller, Jens; Tudzynski, Paul

doi:10.1146/annurev-phyto-072910-095355

Cited by 443 publications

(396 citation statements)

References 116 publications

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“…Mutants were tested in in vitro assays, including biofilm formation, dimorphic transition from yeast to hyphal morphology, and exposure to various stressors including temperature, osmotic, alternate carbon sources, nitrogen starvation, and other drugs (Mitchell 1998;Ramirez and Lorenz 2007;Heller and Tudzynski 2011;Wachtler et al 2011). The zcf15/zcf15 and zcf29/zcf29 mutants were sensitive to oxidative stress conditions (Figure 2A;and Castell et al 2005).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Zinc Cluster Transcription Factors Alter Virulence in Candida albicans

et al. 2017

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Almost all humans are colonized with Candida albicans. However, in immunocompromised individuals, this benign commensal organism becomes a serious, life-threatening pathogen. Here, we describe and analyze the regulatory networks that modulate innate responses in the host niches. We identified Zcf15 and Zcf29, two Zinc Cluster transcription Factors (ZCF) that are required for C. albicans virulence. Previous sequence analysis of clinical C. albicans isolates from immunocompromised patients indicates that both ZCF genes diverged during clonal evolution. Using in vivo animal models, ex vivo cell culture methods, and in vitro sensitivity assays, we demonstrate that knockout mutants of both ZCF15 and ZCF29 are hypersensitive to reactive oxygen species (ROS), suggesting they help neutralize the host-derived ROS produced by phagocytes, as well as establish a sustained infection in vivo. Transcriptomic analysis of mutants under resting conditions where cells were not experiencing oxidative stress revealed a large network that control macro and micronutrient homeostasis, which likely contributes to overall pathogen fitness in host niches. Under oxidative stress, both transcription factors regulate a separate set of genes involved in detoxification of ROS and down-regulating ribosome biogenesis. ChIP-seq analysis, which reveals vastly different binding partners for each transcription factor (TF) before and after oxidative stress, further confirms these results. Furthermore, the absence of a dominant binding motif likely facilitates their mobility, and supports the notion that they represent a recent expansion of the ZCF family in the pathogenic Candida species. Our analyses provide a framework for understanding new aspects of the interface between C. albicans and host defense response, and extends our understanding of how complex cell behaviors are linked to the evolution of TFs.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Zinc Cluster Transcription Factors Alter Virulence in Candida albicans

et al. 2017

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“…But ROS can also be sensed by fungal pathogens and act as developmental signals for the differentiation of infection structures (Heller and Tudzynski, 2011). Recent studies succeeded in monitoring the intracellular redox status in B. cinerea by expressing a redox-sensitive green fluorescent protein (roGFP) as a biosensor for the redox status in the fungus.…”

Section: The Multiple Functions Of Rosmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reactive oxygen species and plant resistance to fungal pathogens

et al. 2015

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Reactive oxygen species (ROS) have been studied for their role in plant development as well as in plant immunity. ROS were consistently observed to accumulate in the plant after the perception of pathogens and microbes and over the years, ROS were postulated to be an integral part of the defence response of the plant. In this article we will focus on recent findings about ROS involved in the interaction of plants with pathogenic fungi. We will describe the ways to detect ROS, their modes of action and their importance in relation to resistance to fungal pathogens. In addition we include some results from works focussing on the fungal interactor and from studies investigating roots during pathogen attack.

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“…These events may include an oxidative stress response associated with the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) resulting in the activation of signalling pathways ultimately leading to the overexpression of genes encoding proteins involved in the synthesis of cell wall compounds. Production of ROS in pathogenic fungi in response to biotic or environmental stress is a mechanism that seems to be required for various physiological processes including hyphal defence under deleterious conditions (Heller & Tudzynski, 2011;Takemoto et al, 2007). Since the genomes of some pathogenic Pythium and Phytophthora species have been sequenced (Lévesque et al, 2010), the integration of genomic and metabolomic information on P. oligandrum will be of considerable value in identifying proteins and metabolites that trigger the perception and response to attack by P. oligandrum.…”

Section: Prey Defence Reactionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pythium oligandrum: an example of opportunistic success

et al. 2012

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Pythium oligandrum, a non-pathogenic soil-inhabiting oomycete, colonizes the root ecosystem of many crop species. Whereas most members in the genus Pythium are plant pathogens, P. oligandrum distinguishes itself from the pathogenic species by its ability to protect plants from biotic stresses in addition to promoting plant growth. The success of P. oligandrum at controlling soilborne pathogens is partly associated with direct antagonism mediated by mycoparasitism and antimicrobial compounds. Interestingly, P. oligandrum has evolved with specific mechanisms to attack its prey even when these belong to closely related species. Of particular relevance is the question of how P. oligandrum distinguishes between self-and non-self cell wall degradation during the mycoparasitic process of pathogenic oomycete species. The ability of P. oligandrum to enter and colonize the root system before rapidly degenerating is one of the most striking features that differentiate it from all other known biocontrol fungal agents. In spite of this atypical behaviour, P. oligandrum sensitizes the plant to defend itself through the production of at least two types of microbe-associated molecular patterns, including oligandrin and cell wall protein fractions, which appear to be closely involved in the early events preceding activation of the jasmonic acid-and ethylene-dependent signalling pathways and subsequent localized and systemic induced resistance. The aim of this review is to highlight the expanding knowledge of the mechanisms by which P. oligandrum provides beneficial effects to plants and to explore the potential use of this oomycete or its metabolites as new disease management strategies.

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Reactive Oxygen Species in Phytopathogenic Fungi: Signaling, Development, and Disease

Cited by 443 publications

References 116 publications

Zinc Cluster Transcription Factors Alter Virulence in Candida albicans

Zinc Cluster Transcription Factors Alter Virulence in Candida albicans

Reactive oxygen species and plant resistance to fungal pathogens

Pythium oligandrum: an example of opportunistic success

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