“…The active power loss minimization in the transmission network can be defined as follows [16,17,44]: difference between bus i and j, Gi P is the injected active power at bus i, Di P is the demanded active power at bus i, i V is the voltage at bus i, ij G is the transfer conductance between bus i and j, ij B is the transfer susceptance between bus i and j, Gi Q is the injected reactive power at bus i, Di Q is the demanded reactive power at bus , E N is the set of numbers of network branches, PQ N is the set of numbers of PQ buses, B N is the set of numbers of total buses, i N is the set of numbers of buses adjacent to bus i (including bus i), 0 N is the set of numbers of total buses excluding slack bus, C N is the set of numbers of possible reactive power source installation buses, G N is the set of numbers of generator buses, T N is the set of numbers of transformer branches, l S is the power flow in branch l, the superscripts "min" and "max" in equation (17) denote the corresponding lower and upper limits, respectively.…”