Reactive Power Management Considering Stochastic Optimization under the Portuguese Reactive Power Policy Applied to DER in Distribution Networks

Abreu, Tiago; Soares, Tiago; Carvalho, Leonel; Morais, Hugo; Simão, Tiago Sarmento; Louro, Miguel

doi:10.3390/en12214028

Cited by 10 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…According to the above, future power systems with a large number of inverter-based resources have the following problems compared to traditional power systems: reduced system inertia, weakened frequency regulation capability, weakened regional reactive power regulation capability [7], and increased requirements for the rise/fall active power speed of traditional units. Renewable energy can also be applied in the islanding operation and fault recovery strategy of a distribution network [8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of Energy Storage Systems for High Penetration of Renewable Energy Grids

Lung,

Chou,

Chang

et al. 2023

Applied Sciences

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As the proportion of renewable energy generation systems increases, traditional power generation facilities begin to face challenges, such as reduced output power and having the power turned off. The challenges are causing changes in the structure of the power system. Renewable energy sources, mainly wind and solar energy cannot provide stable inertia and frequency regulation capability. Ultimately, the power system’s emergency response capability to face an N-1 is reduced, which leads to a reduction in system stability. Therefore, the application technology of the battery energy storage system is used to support the impact of changes in the new power system structure. This paper designed control technologies based on the WECC second-generation generic model, namely, dynamic regulation, steady regulation, and virtual inertia regulation. The models and control strategies are verified on Taiwan’s 2025 power system target conditions, which consider the expected capacities for battery energy storage systems, and renewable energy sources with different load and N-1 fault levels. According to the simulation results, the capabilities of the RoCoF limitation, frequency nadir, frequency recovery, and system oscillation regulation are evaluated in the proposed strategies. Finally, the analysis results can help power operators make informed decisions when selecting and deploying battery energy storage systems.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of Energy Storage Systems for High Penetration of Renewable Energy Grids

Lung,

Chou,

Chang

et al. 2023

Applied Sciences

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“…In [21], mixed integer linear programming linked with two stochastic stages is used to study the resilience of a microgrid under extreme conditions while considering reactive power management. Abreu et al [22] used stochastic optimal power flow to optimize the use of reactive power. This technique allows selecting the distributed energy resource that can provide reactive power by limiting the reactive power supplied by the transmission system operator, thus reducing losses.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stochastic Convex Optimization for Optimal Power Factor Correction in Microgrids with Photovoltaic Generation

Peña

Montoya

Garcés

et al. 2022

TecnoL.

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This research focused on the development of a methodology for calculating the optimal power factor (OPF) in microgrids with the photovoltaic generation, in order to use solar inverters as reactive compensators, which will change their power factor according to the needs of the load. The developed methodology proposes a convex optimization model with multiple constraints to solve the OPF problem. Wirtinger's linearization in the power balance equation was implemented. The stochastic behavior of solar radiation was considered using the average sampling approach (ASA) to generate solar scenarios, which are used to calculate the magnitude of the generation of photovoltaic systems for specific hours of the day. Finally, the algorithm was run on CIGRE's 19-node test grid. The proposed methodology showed that as the radiation level increases during the day, more radiation scenarios can be tested, which increases the accuracy of the power factor value for each PV system. Although the general idea in power systems is to have a unity power factor, the algorithm resulted in power factors with values less than one in some inverters. This represents an injection of reactive power from the inverters to meet the reactive needs of the loads connected close to said PV generators, which is reflected in a variation in the magnitude of the power factor.

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“…The authors in [15][16][17] presented different coordination schemes between the TSO and the DSO in the ancillary service markets. The authors in [18] proposed a methodology that improves reactive power management by taking advantage of the full capabilities of the distributed energy resources (DER) and by reducing the injection of reactive power in the distribution network and reducing losses. Another methodology using a stochastic AC-OPF for the reactive power management by the DSO under renewable energy sources forecast uncertainty was proposed in [19], and the DSO is allowed to coordinate and supply reactive power services to the TSO.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An integrated market solution to enable active distribution network to provide reactive power ancillary service using transmission–distribution coordination

Chen

Lin

et al. 2021

IET Energy Syst Integration

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The active distribution network (ADN) can provide the reactive power ancillary service (RPAS) to improve the operations of the transmission network operations (such as voltage control and network loss reduction) as distribution generation grows. In this context, an RPAS market is required to motivate the ADN to provide the RPAS to the transmission network since the transmission system operator (TSO) and the distribution system operator (DSO) are different entities. Hence, to obtain the TSO–DSO coordination in the RPAS market, this study proposes a two‐stage market framework on the basis of the successive clearing of the energy and RPAS markets. Additionally, a distributed market‐clearing mechanism based on an alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM) is adopted to guarantee TSO's and DSO's information privacy. Furthermore, a binary expansion (BE) method is used to linearise the non‐convex bilinear terms in the market‐clearing model. The effectiveness of the proposed RPAS market framework and distributed market‐clearing mechanism is validated using two different test systems with different system scales.

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Reactive Power Management Considering Stochastic Optimization under the Portuguese Reactive Power Policy Applied to DER in Distribution Networks

Cited by 10 publications

References 13 publications

Development of Energy Storage Systems for High Penetration of Renewable Energy Grids

Development of Energy Storage Systems for High Penetration of Renewable Energy Grids

Stochastic Convex Optimization for Optimal Power Factor Correction in Microgrids with Photovoltaic Generation

An integrated market solution to enable active distribution network to provide reactive power ancillary service using transmission–distribution coordination

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