Reactive Power Support Adequacy at the DSO/TSO Interface

Stanković, Stefan; Söder, Lennart; Hagemann, Zita; Rehtanz, Christian

doi:10.1016/j.epsr.2020.106661

Cited by 18 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…The vanilla sampling methods that were described in the start of this section can produce accurate results, but are very time-consuming. Research has concentrated on iterative methods (e.g., [24,52,53,60]) that use dynamic calculations to find points that contribute to the accuracy of the estimated FOR, and feature stopping criteria that are triggered when the accuracy is deemed satisfactory.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Review of Methodologies for the Assessment of Feasible Operating Regions at the TSO–DSO Interface

Papazoglou

Biskas

2022

Energies

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The Feasible Operating Region (FOR) is defined as a set of points in the PQ plane that includes all the feasible active and reactive power flows at the Transmission System Operator (TSO)–Distribution System Operator (DSO) interconnection. Recent trends in power systems worldwide increase the need of cooperation between the TSO and the DSO for flexibility provision. In the current landscape, the efficient and accurate estimation of the FOR could unlock the potential of the DSO to provide flexibility to the TSO. To that end, much existing research has tackled the problem of FOR estimation, which is a challenging problem. However, no research that adequately organizes the literature exists. This work aims to fill this gap. Three categories of FOR estimation methods were identified: Geometric, Random Sampling, and Optimization-Based methods. The basic principles behind each method are analyzed and the most significant works involving each method are presented. For the reviewed works, we focus on the types of flexibility providing units included in the FOR estimation, the examination of time dependence, and the monetization of the FOR. Finally, the strengths and weaknesses of each category of methods are compared, providing a holistic review of the available FOR estimation methods.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Reference [60] introduces some new concepts surrounding TSO-DSO coordination. It is argued that calculating the FOR is not enough for the provision of services to the TSO, because for safety and reliability issues the flow at the TSO-DSO interface must satisfy certain requirements.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of Methodologies for the Assessment of Feasible Operating Regions at the TSO–DSO Interface

Papazoglou

Biskas

2022

Energies

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“…Large deviations to the real FOR may result and the FOR is inevitably convex due to the linear description of the power system behavior. A new conceptional approach is presented in [29]. The authors description of the flexibility at the TSO/DSO interface is based on an FOR provided by the DSO and an additional desirability surface provided by the TSO.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Comparing the two categories of FOR determination methods (stochastic [15][16][17][18][19], optimization based [20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29]) the optimization-based approaches show advantages of the computation time and the identification of the concrete FOR contour (see [20,23]). The exact position of a point on the edge of the FOR as well as the order of the points are determined by using sampling strategies at the optimization-based approaches.…”

Section: Contributions Of This Articlementioning

confidence: 99%

Survey and Comparison of Optimization-Based Aggregation Methods for the Determination of the Flexibility Potentials at Vertical System Interconnections

et al. 2021

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The aggregation of operational active and reactive power flexibilities as the feasible operation region (FOR) is a main component of a hierarchical multi-voltage-level grid control as well as the cooperation of transmission and distribution system operators at vertical system interconnections. This article presents a new optimization-based aggregation approach, based on a modified particle swarm optimization (PSO) and compares it to non-linear and linear programming. The approach is to combine the advantages of stochastic and optimization-based methods to achieve an appropriate aggregation of flexibilities while obtaining additional meta information during the iterative solution process. The general principles for sampling an FOR are introduced in a survey of aggregation methods from the literature and the adaptation of the classic optimal power flow problem. The investigations are based on simulations of the Cigré medium voltage test system and are divided into three parts. The improvement of the classic PSO algorithm regarding the determination of the FOR are presented. The most suitable of four sampling strategies from the literature is identified and selected for the comparison of the optimization methods. The analysis of the results reveals a better performance of the modified PSO in sampling the FOR compared to the other optimization methods.

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“…The works in [19]- [21] estimate the flexibility range of active and reactive power at the TSO-DSO interface by means of capability charts of DNs to aid the operation of TNs. The impact of grid topology changes and transformer's tap position changes on the flexibility provision from ADNs is analyzed in [22], and the value of the flexibility at the TSO-DSO interface is measured in [23] by computing the DSO capability curves and the TSO desirability surfaces.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Coordination of DERs and Flexible Loads to Support Transmission Voltages in Emergency Conditions

Escobar

Viquez

Garcia

et al. 2022

IEEE Trans. Sustain. Energy

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The large-scale integration of renewable generation and the gradual decommissioning of conventional power plants has led to decreased availability of resources for providing services and support to the bulk transmission grid. This paper presents a novel methodology for providing support to the bulk transmission system through the control of thousands of small distributed energy resources (DERs), located in distribution systems. This control scheme is expected to serve jointly with other classical countermeasures against instability conditions. The proposed method is model-free, scalable, and does not rely on extensive communication infrastructure. It integrates an online method (New LIVES) to monitor the voltage stability status of the transmission system, a rule-based decentralized decision algorithm, and the local DER mechanisms implementing the control actions. The proposed approach is implemented on a combined transmission and distribution test system with over 4200 low-voltage buses and the dynamic simulation results illustrate its flexibility, practicality, and tractability.

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Reactive Power Support Adequacy at the DSO/TSO Interface

Cited by 18 publications

References 16 publications

Review of Methodologies for the Assessment of Feasible Operating Regions at the TSO–DSO Interface

Review of Methodologies for the Assessment of Feasible Operating Regions at the TSO–DSO Interface

Survey and Comparison of Optimization-Based Aggregation Methods for the Determination of the Flexibility Potentials at Vertical System Interconnections

Coordination of DERs and Flexible Loads to Support Transmission Voltages in Emergency Conditions

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