Reactive Process Research of Cornstalk Hydrolysis to Sugar on Micro-Stream Discharge

Song, Chun Lian; Pi, Shao Gang; Wang, Chuan Song; Liu, Mei Duo

doi:10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.233-235.785

Cited by 2 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 3 publications

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“…First, water allows the formation of a proton-containing active layer around the lignocellulose, which would then act as a catalyst for the hydrolytic breakage of glycoside bonds. 133,134 Second, with the addition of water, which is introduced with the carrying, from wet feedstocks or solvents when the pretreatment is conducted in solutions, more reactive species, such as singlet delta oxygen, OH radicals, hydrogen peroxide, and acids like HNO 2 and HNO 3 capable of rapidly breaking C-C, C-O, and C═C bonds and initiating oxidation reactions, would be produced especially when the feeding gas contains O 2 or N 2 . 130 Third, water is beneficial to the diffusion and penetration of reactive oxidation species like ozone into the raw materials, where these species would attack the aromatic lignin structure.…”

Section: Feedstock Pretreatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plasma‐electrified up‐carbonization for low‐carbon clean energy

et al. 2022

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Low-value, renewable, carbon-rich resources, with different biomass feedstocks and their derivatives as typical examples, represent virtually inexhaustive carbon sources and carbon-related energy on Earth. Upon conversion to higher-value forms (referred to as "up-carbonization" here), these abundant feedstocks provide viable opportunities for energy-rich fuels and sustainable platform chemicals production. However, many of the current methods for such up-carbonization still lack sufficient energy, cost, and material efficiency, which affect their economics and carbon-emissions footprint. With external electricity precisely delivered, discharge plasmas enable many stubborn reactions to occur under mild conditions, by creating locally intensified and highly reactive environments. This technology emerges as a novel, versatile technology platform for integrated or stand-alone conversion of carbon-rich resources. The plasma-based processes are compatible for integration with increasingly abundant and cost-effective renewable electricity, making the whole conversion carbon-neutral and further paving the plasma-electrified upcarbonization to be performance-, environment-, and economics-viable.Despite the chief interest in this emerging area, no review article brings together the state-of-the-art results from diverse disciplines and underlies basic mechanisms and chemistry underpinned. As such, this review aims to fill this gap and provide basic guidelines for future research and transformation, by providing an overview of the application of plasma techniques for carbon-rich resource conversion, with particular focus on the perspective of discharge plasmas, the fundamentals of why plasmas are particularly suited for upcarbonization, and featured examples of plasma-enabled resource valorization. With parallels drawn and specificity highlighted, we also discuss the technique shortcomings, current challenges, and research needs for future work.

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Section: Feedstock Pretreatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plasma‐electrified up‐carbonization for low‐carbon clean energy

et al. 2022

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Unconventional Pretreatment of Lignocellulose with Low‐Temperature Plasma

et al. 2016

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Lignocellulose represents a potential supply of sustainable feedstock for the production of biofuels and chemicals. There is, however, an important cost and efficiency challenge associated with the conversion of such lignocellulosics. Because its structure is complex and not prone to undergo chemical reactions very easily, chemical and mechanical pretreatments are usually necessary to be able to refine them into the compositional building blocks (carbohydrates and lignin) from which value-added platform molecules, such as glucose, ethylene glycol, 5-hydroxymethylfurfural, and levulinic acid, and biofuels, such as bioderived naphtha, kerosene, and diesel fractions, will be produced. Conventional (wet) methods are usually polluting, aggressive, and highly energy consuming, so any alternative activation procedure of the lignocellulose is highly recommended and anticipated in recent and future biomass research. Lignocellulosic plasma activation has emerged as an interesting (dry) treatment technique. In the long run, in particular, in times of fairly accessible renewable electricity, plasma may be considered as an alternative to conventional pretreatment methods, but current knowledge is too little and examples too few to guarantee that statement. This review therefore highlights recent knowledge, advancements, and shortcomings in the field of plasma treatment of cellulose and lignocellulose with regard to the (structural and chemical) effects and impact on the future of pretreatment methods.

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Reactive Process Research of Cornstalk Hydrolysis to Sugar on Micro-Stream Discharge

Cited by 2 publications

References 3 publications

Plasma‐electrified up‐carbonization for low‐carbon clean energy

Plasma‐electrified up‐carbonization for low‐carbon clean energy

Unconventional Pretreatment of Lignocellulose with Low‐Temperature Plasma

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