Reactive Processing of Rubbers

Abstract

Although alluded to occasionally during the previous discussions of chemistries used for reactive processing, the physical nature of the product probably has a significant effect on its useful properties. At the same time, the chemistries used often are dominant in the preparation of the final product. This is also one of the least well characterized aspects of reactive processing. The type of matrix formed during alloying, blending, modification, graft polymerizing, etc. (dispersion, co-continuous network or interpenetrating network) and the domains (characterized by various sizes and shapes) depend both on the chemistry being utilized and the mixing produced by the equipment used. A fine balance is maintained between the chemistry being used—its time and temperature requirements—and the physical aspects of mixing and dispersion. The design of the mixing operations must consider the interplay of these two aspects to control the physical properties of the products generated. The area of reactive processing of rubbers will continue to grow and many of the factors that control the physical properties of the product will be controlled by variations in the mixing and chemical processes developed.

Use of Diels–Alder Chemistry for Thermoreversible Cross-Linking of Rubbers: The Next Step toward Recycling of Rubber Products?

“…The reactivity of EPM can be increased by introducing a certain degree of functionality into the polymer. A commercially relevant example is the peroxide-initiated free radical grafting of maleic anhydride (MA) onto saturated polymers such as EPM. ,− Thermoreversible cross-linking of such maleated EPM rubbers (EPM- g -MA) has been studied using hydrogen bonding, ionic interactions, and covalent bonding. − A furan can be grafted onto such a maleated rubber by inserting furfurylamine (FFA) into the pending anhydride rings to form an imide. , The furan moieties that are thus attached to the rubber backbone can then participate in thermoreversible DA chemistry as an electron-rich diene. , The electron-poor bismaleimide is a suitable dienophile for this cross-linking reaction. ,, To the best of our knowledge, thermoreversible cross-linking of saturated, industrial rubbers such as EPM via furan/maleimide DA chemistry represents a novelty in the open literature.…”

The Preparation and Properties of Thermo-reversibly Cross-linked Rubber Via Diels-Alder Chemistry

“…A commercially relevant example that facilitates this is the peroxide-initiated free-radical grafting of maleic anhydride (MA). [29][30][31][32][33][34] Secondly, a furan group can be grafted onto such a maleated EPM rubber by inserting furfurylamine (FFA) into the pendant anhydride to form an imide. 35,36 Finally, the furan moieties that are thus attached to the rubber backbone can then participate in thermo-reversible DA chemistry as an electron-rich diene.…”

Effect of (3-aminopropyl) triethoxysilane on chemorheological behavior of carboxylated nitrile rubber in presence of surface oxidized ISAF carbon black

“…The flow properties of the compounds were meahave been studied by various researchers. [10][11][12][13][14][15] Resured in a Monsanto Processibility Tester (MPT), cently, Mallick et al have studied the effect of carwhich is a fully automatic high pressure capillary bon black on the processibility of the blends of polyviscometer. The barrel and capillary are electriacrylic acid (PAA) and epoxidized natural rubber cally heated with a microprocessor-based temper-(ENR) in MPT.…”