Reactive sputtered CuInSe2

Thornton, J. A.; Lommasson, T.; Talieh, H.; Tseng, Bae–Heng

doi:10.1016/0379-6787(88)90030-0

Cited by 66 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…The grain size in Cu-rich films is in the range 0.7-0.9 mm and the grain size in Cu-poor films is in the range 0.3-0.65 mm. The same trend was observed in the case of Cu-rich and Cu-poor CuInSe 2 films [18]. The AFM images show that the grains are more densely packed in Cu-poor films compared to Curich films.…”

Section: Article In Presssupporting

confidence: 76%

Effect of Cu/(Zn+Sn) ratio on the properties of co-evaporated Cu2ZnSnSe4 thin films

Babu

Kumar

Bhaskar

et al. 2010

Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells

127

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Section: Article In Presssupporting

confidence: 76%

Effect of Cu/(Zn+Sn) ratio on the properties of co-evaporated Cu2ZnSnSe4 thin films

Babu

Kumar

Bhaskar

et al. 2010

Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells

127

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“…Especially interesting for the reactive sputtering of CZTS is the work done on other solar cell materials such as CuInS 2 (CIS) and CuInSe 2 (CISe). In the 1980s Thornton et al carefully investigated the process for reactively sputtered CISe [12,13]. Reactively sputtered CIS precursors, which were thereafter sulfurized, were investigated by Watanabe et al in the mid-90s and efficiencies of 6.3 % were reported [14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reactive sputtering of precursors for Cu2ZnSnS4 thin film solar cells

et al. 2012

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Reactive sputtering of precursors for Cu2ZnSnS4 thin film solar cells. AbstractThe quaternary semiconductor Cu 2 ZnSnS 4 (CZTS) is a possible In-free replacement for Cu(In,Ga)Se 2 . Here we present reactive sputtering with the possibility to obtain homogeneous CZTS-precursors with tunable composition and a stoichiometric quantity of sulfur. The precursors can be rapidly annealed to create large grained films to be used in solar cells. The reactive sputtering process is flexible, and morphology, stress and metal and sulfur contents were varied by changing the H 2 S/Ar-flow ratio, pressure and substrate temperature. A process curve for the reactive sputtering of CZTS from CuSn and Zn targets is presented. The Zntarget is shown to switch to compound mode earlier and faster compared to the CuSn-target. The precursors containing a stoichiometric amount of sulfur exhibit columnar grains, have a crystal structure best matching ZnS and give a broad peak, best matching CZTS, in Raman scattering. Comparing process gas flows it is shown that the sulfur content is strongly dependent on the H 2 S partial pressure but the total pressures compared in this study have little effect on the precursor properties. Increasing the substrate temperature changes the film composition due to the high vapour pressures of Zn, SnS and S. High substrate temperatures also give slightly denser and increasingly oriented films. The precursors are under compressive stress, which is reduced with higher deposition temperatures.

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“…In the last decade, only a few papers in the literature dealt with the deposition of ternary compound semiconductors by magnetron sputtering [41,42]. However, in the 1980s a big effort was undertaken at the University of Illinois (Urbana) by Thornton et al to prepare CuInSe 2 -thin-fi lm solar cells by reactive magnetron [43][44][45]. Obviously, the low effi ciencies achieved for solar cells [46] with sputtered absorbers led to the idea that sputtering is not suited for absorbers of good quality.…”

Section: Iron Disulfi De Pyrite Cuins 2 and Cu 2 Znsnsmentioning

confidence: 99%

State‐of‐the‐Art of Nanostructures in Solar Energy Research

Sagadevan¹

2014

Advanced Energy Materials

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The world's major energy sources are non-renewable and are faced with an ever-increasing demand, and hence are not expected to last long. Besides being non-renewable, these sources include mainly fossil fuels, and contribute tremendously to the perennial problem of global warming. The serious depletion and pollution problems of the above energy sources have made the international community focus attention on alternative sources of energy, especially solar energy, which appears highly promising. Nanostructure-based solar energy is attracting signifi cant attention as a possible candidate for achieving drastic improvement in photovoltaic energy conversion effi ciency. Although such solar energy is expected to be more expensive, there is a growing need for effi cient and lightweight solar cells in aerospace and related industries. It is certain to rule the energy sector when break-even, of high performance is achieved and its cost becomes comparable with that of other energy sources. Various approaches have been proposed to enhance the effi ciency of solar cells. Applications of nanotechnology help us to design solar devices more economically. Nanophotovoltaic cells are used to create cost, effective, effi cient, solar energy storage systems or solar energy on a large scale. Nanostructured materials contain structures with dimensions in that scale; they include polycrystalline materials with nanometer-sized crystallites, materials with surface protrusions spatially separated by a few nanometers granular or porous materials with grain sizes in the nanometer range or nanometer-sized metallic clusters embedded in a dielectric matrix. The motivation for using nanostructured materials emerges from their specifi c physical and chemical properties. Enhancing the regular crystalline

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Reactive sputtered CuInSe2

Cited by 66 publications

References 4 publications

Effect of Cu/(Zn+Sn) ratio on the properties of co-evaporated Cu2ZnSnSe4 thin films

Effect of Cu/(Zn+Sn) ratio on the properties of co-evaporated Cu2ZnSnSe4 thin films

Reactive sputtering of precursors for Cu2ZnSnS4 thin film solar cells

State‐of‐the‐Art of Nanostructures in Solar Energy Research

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