Reactive surfactants – chemistry and applications. Part I. Polymerizable surfactants

Kaczorowski, Marcin; Rokicki, Gabriel

doi:10.14314/polimery.2016.747

Cited by 13 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Permanent attachment to the dispersed phase also have environmental and economic advantages. This results in lower use of surfactants and smaller contamination of sewage [ 23 ]. Reactive surfactants can be used to obtain redispersable lattices, latexes with functionalized surfaces, or dispersions with increased stability [ 24 , 25 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation and Properties of High Solid Content and Low Viscosity Waterborne Polyurethane—Acrylate Emulsion with a Reactive Emulsifier

Zhu

Zhang

2018

Polymers

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High solid content waterborne polyurethane-acrylate (WPUA) emulsions have been successfully synthesized in two steps. Firstly, we prepared a waterborne polyurethane emulsion, then reacted it with acrylate monomer by emulsion polymerization using the semi-continuous seeded method. The effects of the type and amount of emulsifier, the amount of dimethylolpropionic acid (DMPA), the choice of capping group, the ratio of PU/PA, and the method of adding a water-soluble monomer to the properties of the composite emulsion were investigated. The reactive emulsifier replaced the traditional emulsifier and there were no metal ions introduced to the reaction, whether by the emulsifier or the initiator. Through a variety of tests, we proved that the prepared emulsion has the advantages of small particle size, narrow distribution, good stability, good performance of the film, and solid content of 46%.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation and Properties of High Solid Content and Low Viscosity Waterborne Polyurethane—Acrylate Emulsion with a Reactive Emulsifier

Zhu

Zhang

2018

Polymers

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“…Once these reagents meet at the drop surface, they solidify through polymerization or coacervation reactions . Capsules with thin shells can also be produced from a single type of reagent, namely from chemically reactive surfactants, that are cross‐linked at the drop surface . However, the number of reagents that can be employed to form thin polymeric capsules through these approaches is limited.…”

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confidence: 99%

Bioinspired Viscoelastic Capsules: Delivery Vehicles and Beyond

2019

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range of rheological properties of capsulecontaining solutions that can be accessed; the formulation of capsule-based solutions displaying a pronounced shear thinning or a yield stress would be key to use them as 3D printable inks. Capsules with much thinner, flexible shells whose structure and surface composition can be varied over a wide range can be fabricated from emulsion drops by solidifying reagents at their surface. This can be achieved, if appropriate reagents are dispersed in the drop and complementary ones in the continuous phase. Once these reagents meet at the drop surface, they solidify through polymerization [21][22][23] or coacervation reactions. [24][25][26][27] Capsules with thin shells can also be produced from a single type of reagent, namely from chemically reactive surfactants, that are cross-linked at the drop surface. [28][29][30][31][32] However, the number of reagents that can be employed to form thin polymeric capsules through these approaches is limited. Flexible capsules that display a narrow size distribution, low permeability toward encapsulants, allow controlled exchanges of reagents, and are mechanically sufficiently stable to withstand significant shear stresses such that they can be processed into macroscopic materials through additive manufacturing techniques remain to be established. These capsules would open up a new field of their use as principal building blocks of macroscopic granular materials with well-defined micrometer-sized structures and locally varying compositions that go far beyond their current use as individually dispersed delivery vehicles.Here, we introduce a new type of viscoelastic, mechanically stable capsules that are composed of bioinspired ionically crosslinked catechol-functionalized block-copolymer surfactants. These capsules present Fe 3+ complexed catechols at their surface such that they have a high affinity to each other. Therefore, they cannot only be used as individually dispersed mobile carrier vehicles that enable triggered release of reagents, but also as principal building blocks of macroscopic soft materials. We demonstrate for the first time that these capsules are mechanically sufficiently stable to serve as principal building blocks of inks that can be 3D printed into macroscopic granular materials with well-defined micrometer-length-scale structures.Emulsion drops are often stabilized with polymeric surfactants that are crucial during drop production and storage. However, once the drops are converted into capsules, surfactants are usually superfluous or even devastating because they irreproducibly change the surface wettability of the Microcapsules are often used as individually dispersed carriers of active ingredients to prolong their shelf life or to protect premature reactions with substances contained in the surrounding. This study goes beyond this application and employs microcapsules as principal building blocks of macroscopic 3D materials with well-defined granular structures. To achieve this goal and inspired by nature, capsules ...

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“…Ideally, polymerizable surfactants should be fully incorporated into the chains of polymer and settle on the surface of polymer particles. [38] These requirements are conflicting for semicontinuous polymerization because total surfactant incorporation causes it to become encapsulated within the polymer particles as they grow during the process. Therefore, it is necessary to optimize the surfactant/polymer ratio, without the incorporation being limited by total encapsulation.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis of sulfonated poly(styrene‐co‐methyl methacrylate) by semicontinuous heterophase polymerization for filtration membranes

Ovando‐Medina

Escobar‐Villanueva

Martínez‐Gutiérrez

2021

Vinyl Additive Technology

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In this study, styrene (St) and methyl methacrylate (MMA) were copolymerized in semicontinuous heterophase using Hitenol-BC10 (HBC10) as polymerizable surfactant and ammonium persulfate as initiator to obtain copolymers of poly(Stco-MMA). The effects of St/MMA weight ratio and surfactant concentration on kinetics, and colloidal properties of latexes were studied. Copolymers and latexes were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), gel permeation chromatography (GPC), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction analysis. Fast reaction rates under monomer starved conditions and high conversions (>85%) were observed in all cases, with a weight-average molecular weight in the range of 2.10 Â 10 6 to 0.96 Â 10 6 g mol À1 , decreasing with the HBC10 concentration due to an effect of chain transference to surfactant. Stable latexes with spherical particles with average diameter in the interval of 65-41 nm and Z-potential in the interval of À68.24 to À38.44 mV were obtained. Copolymers were sulfonated using acetyl sulfate as sulfonating agents and subsequently used for filtration membrane fabrication through the phase inversion method. Membranes were tested in simulated seawater filtration (3.5% NaCl) under constant pressure. At a pressure of 20 psia, permeated flux (J) of pure water and salt rejection (R) varied from 13.8 to 20.5 L m À2 h À1 and 37.8%-50.7%, respectively. It was concluded that membrane's performance is dependent on copolymer composition, the crystallinity of copolymers, and the ionic exchange capacity of membranes, being the best membrane composed of 90/10 of St-to-MMA weight ratio and using a monomer-to-surfactant weight ratio of 29.9.

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Reactive surfactants – chemistry and applications. Part I. Polymerizable surfactants

Cited by 13 publications

References 7 publications

Preparation and Properties of High Solid Content and Low Viscosity Waterborne Polyurethane—Acrylate Emulsion with a Reactive Emulsifier

Preparation and Properties of High Solid Content and Low Viscosity Waterborne Polyurethane—Acrylate Emulsion with a Reactive Emulsifier

Bioinspired Viscoelastic Capsules: Delivery Vehicles and Beyond

Synthesis of sulfonated poly(styrene‐co‐methyl methacrylate) by semicontinuous heterophase polymerization for filtration membranes

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