Reactive vs. proactive antisocial behavior: Differential correlates of child ADHD symptoms?

Bennett, David S.; Pitale, Maria; Vora, Vaishali; Rheingold, Alyssa A.

doi:10.1177/108705470400700402

Cited by 30 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…ADHD symptoms that may be implicated in becoming a bully include especially impulsive behavior, lack of control, reduced empathy and aggressive reactions, often owing to the frustrations experienced at school. These findings are consistent with a large number of studies that have pointed to an association between ADHD and aggressive behavior [Bennett et al, 2004;Dodge et al, 1997;Kitchens et al, 1999] that, in turn, is strongly associated with rejection by the peer group [Bierman et al, 1993;Coie et al, 1992;Rubin et al, 2006]. It seems likely that these effects give rise to a vicious circle.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Temperament, ADHD and peer relations among schoolchildren: the mediating role of school bullying

Bacchini

Affuso²,

Trotta

2008

Aggressive Behavior

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The goal of the study is to investigate the link between temperament, attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms, social preference, bullying and victimization. The study sample consisted of 195 children attending the fourth and fifth grade (age 8-10), their mothers and their teachers. A multiinformant approach was used: mothers were interviewed about the temperament of their children; teachers were asked about ADHD symptoms; children responded to a peer nominations inventory designed to investigate their roles as bullies and/or victims and their social preferences (liked and disliked peers). A Structural Equation Model multigroup analysis (males and females) was used to test the relationships among variables hypothesized by the authors. The analysis showed that temperamental variables have a direct relation to ADHD symptoms, that ADHD has a direct relation to bullying behavior in males and to victimization in females and that bullies and victims are less well accepted than peers who belong to neither category. ADHD has only an indirect relation to social preference through the mediating role of school bullying.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Temperament, ADHD and peer relations among schoolchildren: the mediating role of school bullying

Bacchini

Affuso²,

Trotta

2008

Aggressive Behavior

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“…These results resemble findings from studies with ADHD children and adolescents, which have reported a closer relation of ADHD with reactive aggression than with proactive aggression (Bennett et al 2004;Waschbusch and Willoughby 2007). Likewise, Dowson and Blackwell (2010) recently reported findings from a study with adults with ADHD, which indicate that ADHD is a predictor for comorbid impulsive aggression.…”

Section: Modelsupporting

confidence: 83%

“…Accordingly, it has been demonstrated in children with conduct problems that ADHD is a moderator of reactive but not proactive aggression (Waschbusch and Willoughby 2007). In addition, Bennett et al (2004) showed that reactive antisocial behavior was more closely related to ADHD than proactive antisocial behavior in 8-15 year old children and that the relation between ADHD symptoms and proactive antisocial behavior increased from middle childhood to adolescence. Following the hypothesis that reactive, but not proactive aggression is associated with ADHD in adult offenders, we performed a study in adult offenders with and without ADHD, who had committed violent crimes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association of ADHD with reactive and proactive violent behavior in a forensic population

Retz

Rösler

2010

ADHD Atten Def Hyp Disord

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ADHD is associated with social problems and aggressive behavior. As hyperactive-impulsive traits are core symptoms of ADHD, it has been hypothesized that reactive-impulsive violence is more likely related to ADHD psychopathology than proactive-instrumental violence. One hundred and twenty-seven adult violent offenders participated in the study. Diagnosis of ADHD and ratings of reactive and proactive features of the committed crimes were performed using standardized instruments. According to DSM-IV, 16.5% subjects fulfilled diagnostic criteria for ADHD, 23.6% were diagnosed as ADHD in partial remission, and 59.8% had no ADHD. Univariate analyses revealed higher reactive violence ratings in both ADHD groups when compared to subjects without ADHD, whereas the opposite was found regarding proactive violence ratings. Using multivariate analyses of variance controlled for age, gender and comorbid substance use disorders, childhood ADHD psychopathology and current ADHD significantly increased the risk of reactive violence and decreased the risk of proactive violence. Significant impact of male gender on proactive violence was found. The findings suggest that ADHD is associated with reactive but not proactive violence in aggressive offenders.

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“…Consider the function of aggression. Whereas ADHD is associated with both reactive and proactive aggression, albeit moreso with the former (Bennett et al 2004;Dodge et al 1997;Waschbusch et al 1998), anxiety has only been positively associated with reactive aggression (Raine et al 2006;Vitaro et al 2002). This is not surprising given that reactive aggressive behaviors are hasty reactions to perceived threat or hostility (Card and Little 2006), and both impulsivity and biased attributions are impaired in youth with ADHD as well as anxiety (e.g., Luebbe et al 2010;Wilens et al 2002).…”

Section: Aggressive Subtypesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aggression Among Children with ADHD, Anxiety, or Co-occurring Symptoms: Competing Exacerbation and Attenuation Hypotheses

Becker

Luebbe

Stoppelbein

et al. 2011

J Abnorm Child Psychol

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Competing hypotheses for explaining the role of anxiety in the relation between attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms and childhood aggression were evaluated. Two studies tested whether anxiety exacerbated, attenuated, or had no effect on the relation between ADHD and aggression subtypes among psychiatrically hospitalized children. In Study 1 (N = 99), children who scored above clinical cut-off levels for anxiety only, ADHD only, and co-occurring ADHD and anxiety were compared on aggression subtypes (i.e., reactive, proactive, overt, and relational aggression). In Study 2, the moderating role of anxiety on the relation between ADHD and aggression subtypes was examined with a larger sample (N = 265) and with continuous variables. No support was found for either the attenuation or exacerbation hypothesis, and results remained consistent when separately examining hyperactivity/impulsivity and inattention symptoms of ADHD. Although ADHD symptoms were significantly associated with all aggression subtypes, this association did not remain when including symptoms of oppositional defiant disorder.

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Reactive vs. proactive antisocial behavior: Differential correlates of child ADHD symptoms?

Cited by 30 publications

References 49 publications

Temperament, ADHD and peer relations among schoolchildren: the mediating role of school bullying

Temperament, ADHD and peer relations among schoolchildren: the mediating role of school bullying

Association of ADHD with reactive and proactive violent behavior in a forensic population

Aggression Among Children with ADHD, Anxiety, or Co-occurring Symptoms: Competing Exacerbation and Attenuation Hypotheses

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