Reactivity of Larch and Valonia Tannins in Synthesis of Tannin-Formaldehyde Resins

Li, Jiongjiong; Li, Cheng; Wang, Wen; Zhang, Wei

doi:10.15376/biores.11.1.2256-2268

Cited by 14 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…Absorption peaks in the range of 620 cm À1 to 823 cm À1 show the deformation vibrations of C-H bonds in the aromatic ring. The absorption peaks in regions 455 cm À1 and 764 cm À1 belong to the bending vibrations QC-H. 36,37 Also, the peak in area 524 cm À1 belongs to the CCO and CCC ring deformation (tannin). 38 The peak observed at the region 578 cm À1 is Fe-O bonded in the Fe 3 O 4 structure.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Synthesis of a green magnetic biopolymer derived from oak fruit hull tannin for the efficient and simultaneous adsorption of a mixture of Malachite Green and Sunset Yellow dyes from aqueous solutions

2022

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The absorption peaks in regions 455 cm −1 and 764 cm −1 belong to the bending vibrations C–H. 36,37 Also, the peak in area 524 cm −1 belongs to the CCO and CCC ring deformation (tannin). 38 The peak observed at the region 578 cm −1 is Fe–O bonded in the Fe 3 O 4 structure.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis of a green magnetic biopolymer derived from oak fruit hull tannin for the efficient and simultaneous adsorption of a mixture of Malachite Green and Sunset Yellow dyes from aqueous solutions

2022

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“…Resins substituted with larch (condensable) and valonia (hydrolysable) tannins were prepared and the properties such as viscosity, solid content, gel time, and free formaldehyde content were compared. All the properties of larch tannin-based resin were found to be better and the formaldehyde emissions lower [ 89 ]. Due to their higher reactivity, condensable tannins are more commonly used in resin production than hydrolysable tannins.…”

Section: Phenol Substitutes For Pf Resinmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bio-Based Alternatives to Phenol and Formaldehyde for the Production of Resins

Sarika

Nancarrow

Khansaheb³

et al. 2020

Polymers

147

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Phenol–formaldehyde (PF) resin continues to dominate the resin industry more than 100 years after its first synthesis. Its versatile properties such as thermal stability, chemical resistance, fire resistance, and dimensional stability make it a suitable material for a wide range of applications. PF resins have been used in the wood industry as adhesives, in paints and coatings, and in the aerospace, construction, and building industries as composites and foams. Currently, petroleum is the key source of raw materials used in manufacturing PF resin. However, increasing environmental pollution and fossil fuel depletion have driven industries to seek sustainable alternatives to petroleum based raw materials. Over the past decade, researchers have replaced phenol and formaldehyde with sustainable materials such as lignin, tannin, cardanol, hydroxymethylfurfural, and glyoxal to produce bio-based PF resin. Several synthesis modifications are currently under investigation towards improving the properties of bio-based phenolic resin. This review discusses recent developments in the synthesis of PF resins, particularly those created from sustainable raw material substitutes, and modifications applied to the synthetic route in order to improve the mechanical properties.

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“…The lignin content of spruce bark ranges from 26% [ 41 ] to 37% [ 42 ]. Due to their phenolic nature, bark tannins can react with formaldehyde as a substitute for phenol in the formation of wood adhesives, which can be confirmed by the low formaldehyde content [ 43 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Binderless Thermal Insulation Panels Made of Spruce Bark Fibres

et al. 2021

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Tree bark is a by-product of the timber industry available in large amounts, considering that approximately 10% of the volume of a tree stem is bark. Bark is used primarily for low-value applications such as heat generation or as mulch. To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first one that scrutinises thermal insulation panels made from spruce bark fibres with different densities and fibre lengths manufactured in a wet process. The insulation boards with densities between 160 and 300 kg/m3 were self-bonded. Internal bond, thermal conductivity, and dimensional stability (thickness swelling and water absorption), together with formaldehyde content, were analysed. The thermal properties of the boards were directly correlated with the density and reached about 0.044 W/m*K, while the internal bond was rather influenced by the fibre length and was relatively low (on average 0.07 N/mm2). The water absorption was high (from 55% to 380%), while the thickness swelling remained moderate (up to 23%). The results of this study have shown that widely available bark residues can be successfully utilised as an innovative raw material for efficient eco-friendly thermal insulation products.

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Reactivity of Larch and Valonia Tannins in Synthesis of Tannin-Formaldehyde Resins

Cited by 14 publications

References 38 publications

Synthesis of a green magnetic biopolymer derived from oak fruit hull tannin for the efficient and simultaneous adsorption of a mixture of Malachite Green and Sunset Yellow dyes from aqueous solutions

Synthesis of a green magnetic biopolymer derived from oak fruit hull tannin for the efficient and simultaneous adsorption of a mixture of Malachite Green and Sunset Yellow dyes from aqueous solutions

Bio-Based Alternatives to Phenol and Formaldehyde for the Production of Resins

Binderless Thermal Insulation Panels Made of Spruce Bark Fibres

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