Reactor production of no-carrier-added¹⁹⁹Au for biomedical applications

Abstract

This investigation described development of a technology for the reactor production of no-carrier-added (NCA) 199Au using natural Pt target followed by chemical separation of 199Au employing liquid–liquid extraction (LLX) using ethyl acetate.

Facile One-Pot Synthesis of Intrinsically Radiolabeled and Cyclic RGD Conjugated 199Au Nanoparticles for Potential Use in Nanoscale Brachytherapy

“…Fourthly, because of the moderateenergy β − particles emitted by 199 Au (β 1 = 462 keV, 6.0%; β 2 = 296 keV, 71.6%; β 3 = 250 keV, 22.4%) with 0.8 mm maximum tissue range, a conformal radiation field is provided around the injection site leading to a local cross-fire effect. 16 Furthermore, 199…”

“…Third, the intrinsically radiolabeled nanoparticles could be synthesized with very high radiochemical stability and therefore the possibility of leakage of radioactivity from the nanoparticles leading to an undesirable dose deposition in the healthy organ is negligible. Fourthly, because of the moderate-energy β – particles emitted by 199 Au (β 1 = 462 keV, 6.0%; β 2 = 296 keV, 71.6%; β 3 = 250 keV, 22.4%) with 0.8 mm maximum tissue range, a conformal radiation field is provided around the injection site leading to a local cross-fire effect . Furthermore, 199 Au emits an imageable γ-ray of 159 keV (37%) that not only allows initial dosimetric experiments prior to administering therapeutic doses but also aids in analyzing the in vivo localization of the radioactive source and monitoring the therapeutic efficacy by molecular imaging strategies …”

“…No-carrier-added (NCA) 199 Au was produced through neutron activation of natural Pt target in Dhruva reactor at Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, followed by radiochemical separation of 199 Au employing a solvent extraction technique. 16 The details regarding production and radiochemical separation of 199 Au are provided in the Supporting Information. The synthesis of intrinsically radiolabeled and integrin α v β 3 199 Au-c(RGDfK) nanoparticles was carried out in a hot cell equipped with remotely operable tongs.…”

“…With the rapidly growing interest in using radioisotopes for nano-oncology, a broad spectrum of radioactive sources involving nanomaterials has been developed. − Gold-199 is a relatively new radioisotope whose potential is yet to be explored for preparation of nanoscale brachytherapy sources . Gold-199 can be obtained in no-carrier-added (NCA) form by neutron activation of 198 Pt target followed by radiochemical separation . Owing to complex coordination chemistry of Au, it cannot be utilized for radiolabeling nanoplatforms by standard coordination chemistry-based approaches.…”

“…16 Gold-199 can be obtained in no-carrier-added (NCA) form by neutron activation of 198 Pt target followed by radiochemical separation. 16 Owing to complex coordination chemistry of Au, it cannot be utilized for radiolabeling nanoplatforms by standard coordination chemistry-based approaches. Therefore, the synthesis of intrinsically radiolabeled nanoparticles is the most viable option toward effective utilization of this excellent radioisotope for clinical benefits.…”