“…In turn, translanguaging challenges a static focus on language systems (Canagarajah, ; Larsen‐Freeman, ; Taylor & Snoddon, ). Digital literacies (Allington & Pihlaja, ; Hafner, Chik, & Jones, ) and new multimodal literacy practices (Meyer et al, ; Rowsell, ) are important and align with “expansive notions of literacy” (Rowsell, , p. 2). Intercultural communicative competence and intercultural citizenship can therefore be associated with new conceptualizations of literacy (Allington & Pihlaja, ; Hackett, Pahl, & Pool, ; Larson et al, ; Rowsell, ).…”