Reagent types and action mechanisms in ilmenite flotation: A review

Cai, Jiaozhong; Deng, Jiushuai; Wang, Liang; Hu, Mingzhen; Xu, Huaizhe; Hou, Xiao'’an; Wu, Bozeng; Li, Shimei

doi:10.1007/s12613-021-2380-5

Cited by 25 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 78 publications

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“…Hydroxamic acid is widely used as a chelating collector in the flotation of zinc oxide ores. The -C(O)NHOH group in its molecular structure possesses high coordination activity, providing strong binding to metal ions on mineral surfaces and forming stable chelates, which enable stable adsorption onto mineral surfaces and enhance their hydrophobicity [48,60].…”

Section: O-o Chelating Collectorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Progress on Chelating Reagents in Flotation of Zinc Oxide Ores: A Review

Song,

Wen,

Han

et al. 2023

Minerals

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Zinc oxide minerals (primarily smithsonite and hemimorphite) are important sources of Zn. Flotation is the most widely used method of enriching zinc oxide minerals for mineral processing. Chelating reagents have received extensive attention for the flotation of zinc oxide ores because of their high selectivity and stability. This paper systematically summarizes the selective separation performance and mechanisms of various chelating reagents as collectors, activators, and depressants in the flotation of zinc oxide ores. The types and mechanisms of chelating reagents in the flotation of zinc oxide ores are discussed, providing new ideas for the development of efficient flotation reagents for zinc oxide ores.

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Section: O-o Chelating Collectorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Progress on Chelating Reagents in Flotation of Zinc Oxide Ores: A Review

Song,

Wen,

Han

et al. 2023

Minerals

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“…This loss not only results in a waste of resources but also causes pollution to the environment surrounding the mining areas 4,5 . Considering the characteristics of microfine ore particles, such as small size, low specific gravity, large specific surface area, and similar surface physicochemical properties, researchers have proposed three technical approaches from a process perspective to enhance the recovery of microfine particles: first, increasing the apparent diameter of microfine particles; second, reducing bubble size to improve the mineralization efficiency of useful minerals 6,7 ; third, strengthening the interaction between flotation reagents and target minerals 8 . From the perspective of equipment, the technical approaches include altering the flow field structure in the separation space to increase the effect of turbulence on microfine particles and introducing micro-or nano-sized bubbles to enhance the selective capturing of hydrophobic microfine mineral particles.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High-Turbulence Fine Particle Flotation Cell Optimization and Verification

Xu,

Hu,

Zhang

2024

Preprint

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Microfine mineral particles have a small size, light weight, and low inertia, making it difficult for them to deviate from streamlines and collide with bubbles. Conventional flotation operations consume a large amount of reagents and exhibit poor flotation indicators. This study employs computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation and hydrodynamic testing to investigate the flow field within a high-turbulence microfine particle flotation machine equipped with a multilayer impeller–stator configuration, and validates the practical application performance of the microfine particle flotation machine through single-batch flotation experiments. Result shows that the impeller region of the traditional mechanical stirring flotation machine has a turbulent energy dissipation rate of 20 m²/s³, whereas that for the microfine particle flotation machine averages over 120 m²/s³. In the flotation verification, the cumulative recovery rate of the fine particle flotation machine is increased by 28% compared with that of the traditional KYF flotation machine. The flotation rate is also 1.3 times that of the KYF, demonstrating stronger selectivity for fine particle concentrates. It has certain guiding significance for the resource utilization of fine particle minerals.

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“…The brittleness of cassiterite [2] results in the generation of a considerable volume of fine particles during crushing and grinding. Froth flotation is the most effective method for separating fine-grained minerals [3][4][5]. However, fine particles have low probabilities of collision with bubbles due to their intrinsic physical attributes of miniscule mass and/or momentum and high interfacial free energy [6,7], resulting in low flotation recoveries and rates.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrophobic Flocculation of Fine Cassiterite Using Alkyl Hydroxamic Acids with Different Carbon Chain Lengths as Collectors

Jin

Shi

2023

Molecules

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This work investigated the hydrophobic flocculation of cassiterite using four alkyl hydroxamic acids with varying carbon chain lengths, i.e., hexyl hydroxamate (C6), octyl hydroxamate (C8), decyl hydroxamate (C10) and dodecyl hydroxamate (C12), as collectors. Microflotation tests were performed to investigate the flotation behaviour of cassiterite in the presence of the four alkyl hydroxamic acids. Focused beam reflectance measurement (FBRM) and a particle video microscope (PVM) were used to analyse and monitor the real-time evolution of the particle size distribution of cassiterite and the images of flocs during flocculation. The extended DLVO theory interaction energies between the cassiterite particles were calculated on the basis of the measured contact angle and the zeta potential of cassiterite to determine the aggregation and dispersion behaviour of the cassiterite particles. The microflotation test results suggested that the floatability of cassiterite improved with the increase in the carbon chain length of hydroxamates. FBRM, PVM images and extended DLVO theory calculation results indicated that when C6 was used as the collector, the cassiterite particles could not form hydrophobic flocs because the total potential energy between them was repulsive. When C8, C10 and C12 were used as collectors, the energy barrier amongst particles decreased with increasing hydroxamate concentration. The lowest concentrations of C8, C10 and C12 that could cause the hydrophobic aggregation of cassiterite were approximately 1 × 10−3, 1 × 10−4 and 2 × 10−5 mol/L, respectively. The aggregation growth rate and apparent floc size increased with an increasing collector concentration. Hydroxamic acid with a longer carbon chain could induce the cassiterite particles to form larger flocs at a lower concentration in a shorter time.

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Reagent types and action mechanisms in ilmenite flotation: A review

Cited by 25 publications

References 78 publications

Recent Progress on Chelating Reagents in Flotation of Zinc Oxide Ores: A Review

Recent Progress on Chelating Reagents in Flotation of Zinc Oxide Ores: A Review

High-Turbulence Fine Particle Flotation Cell Optimization and Verification

Hydrophobic Flocculation of Fine Cassiterite Using Alkyl Hydroxamic Acids with Different Carbon Chain Lengths as Collectors

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