Real faces and robot faces: The effects of representation on computer-mediated communication

Clayes, Emma L.; Anderson, Anne H.

doi:10.1016/j.ijhcs.2006.10.005

Cited by 14 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Studies employing the same measures for different task types have shown that the use and impact of communication channels is highly task-dependent (Allmendinger, 2005;Clayes and Anderson, 2007;Peterson, 2006). This is in line with theoretical assumptions of the Media Richness Theory (Daft and Lengel, 1986) and the Task Media Fit Approach (McGrath and Hollingshead, 1993).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 59%

“…The empirical studies show that relatively basic avatars, for example photo avatars or robotic heads displaying gender and name (Clayes and Anderson, 2007), can contribute to favorable perceptions of a virtual setting. The assessment of subjective measures has practical significance because acceptance of a CVE and positive interaction experiences are basic aspects that can influence how learning takes place in CVEs, as well as its connections to emotional and motivational aspects.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Empirical research on collaboration in the field of desktop CVEs is still sparse (Clayes andAnderson, 2007, Hindmarsh et al 2001), and most of the studies refer to collaboration in general and not specifically collaborative learning. In this section, the existing body of research will be reviewed, including the author's own studies concerning verbal and nonverbal behavior in desktop CVEs.…”

Section: Empirical Findings Concerning Nonverbal Signals In Desktop Cmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A recent experiment examined how users communicate via high-quality video images and basic graphical avatars in the form of gray robotic heads that display the gender and name of the user (Clayes and Anderson, 2007). The latter is a rather common way of representing users in desktop CVEs.…”

Section: Experimental Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Social Presence in Synchronous Virtual Learning Situations: The Role of Nonverbal Signals Displayed by Avatars

Allmendinger¹

2010

Educ Psychol Rev

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Social factors play an important role in determining whether instructional communication in computer-supported settings will be successful. Social presence is a social factor, specifically addressing the feeling of being present with another person in a virtual environment. This article describes possibilities to influence the feeling of social presence in synchronous learning scenarios using desktop collaborative virtual environments (CVEs). Desktop CVEs are technically simple compared with immersive CVEs and can be adapted according to the needs of the users. In this article, possible adaptations are described using the example of the desktop CVE virtual team room. In CVEs, users are represented as avatars. Avatars may or may not convey nonverbal signals. The focus of the article is on whether the actual use of nonverbal signals can affect the sense of social presence and thus help to establish and maintain the learner's motivation and provide support for structuring social interaction in learning situations. The paper provides a review of exploratory studies and experiments as well as a report on the author's own studies. Future research questions concerning learning in CVEs are discussed.Keywords Nonverbal signal . Avatar . Social presence . Collaborative virtual environments . Synchronous online learning Over the last decade, the concept of learning as an interactive and collaborative process has gained attention (Gulz and Haake, 2006). The perspective that learning is a fundamentally social phenomenon is reflected in the steadily growing research area of computer-supported collaborative learning (CSCL;Stahl, 2006). This article focuses on synchronous CSCL scenarios, also known as real-time or online learning scenarios. CSCL scenarios give rise to new challenges in terms of mutually constructing "meaning", establishing and maintaining the user's motivation, as well as structuring social interaction in learning situations

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 59%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Empirical Findings Concerning Nonverbal Signals In Desktop Cmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Experimental Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Social Presence in Synchronous Virtual Learning Situations: The Role of Nonverbal Signals Displayed by Avatars

Allmendinger¹

2010

Educ Psychol Rev

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“…Demeanor was either neutral or smiling. Multiple studies have been conducted on the effect of avatar demeanor on human perceptions (Beale & Creed, 2009;Clayes & Anderson, 2007;Cowell & Stanney, 2005;Nunamaker et al, 2011;Rosenberg-Kima, Baylor, Plant, & Doerr, 2008). Cowell and Stanney (2005) found that changing the demeanor through facial expression changed perceptions of an avatar's credibility.…”

Section: Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toward an Objective Linguistic-Based Measure of Perceived Embodied Conversational Agent Power and Likeability

Pickard

Burgoon

Derrick

2014

International Journal of Human-Computer Interaction

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Embodied conversational agents (ECA) are a type of intelligent, multimodal computer interface that allow computers to interact with humans in a face-to-face manner. It is quite feasible that ECAs will someday replace the common keyboard as a humancomputer interface. However, we have much to understand about how people interact with such embodied virtual agents. In this study, we performed a laboratory experiment, in an airport screening context, to assess how people's linguistic behavior changes with their perceptions of the ECA's power and likeability. The results show that people tend to manifest more verbal immediacy and expressivity, as well as offer more information about themselves, with ECAs they perceive as more likeable and less powerful.

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Using the iCat as Avatar in Remote Meetings

Heylen

Poel

Nijholt

2009

Multimodal Signals: Cognitive and Algorithmic Issues

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We compared two ways of remote participation in a meeting. One in which a video-connection existed between the remote participant and the collocated participants and one in which the remote participant was represented by an iCat. We asked the participants to rate the conversations on various dimensions. The remote participants tended to prefer the meetings with the iCat whereas the co-located participants preferred the video connection on most dimensions.

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Real faces and robot faces: The effects of representation on computer-mediated communication

Cited by 14 publications

References 25 publications

Social Presence in Synchronous Virtual Learning Situations: The Role of Nonverbal Signals Displayed by Avatars

Social Presence in Synchronous Virtual Learning Situations: The Role of Nonverbal Signals Displayed by Avatars

Toward an Objective Linguistic-Based Measure of Perceived Embodied Conversational Agent Power and Likeability

Using the iCat as Avatar in Remote Meetings

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