Real-life evaluation of a rapid antigen test (DPP® SARS-CoV-2 Antigen) for COVID-19 diagnosis of primary healthcare patients, in the context of the Omicron-dominant wave in Brazil

Abstract

Rapid antigen tests play an important role in the monitoring and mitigation of the COVID-19 pandemic, as it provides an easy, fast and efficient diagnosis with minimum infrastructure requirements. However, as new variants of concern continue to emerge, mutations in the virus genome may impair the recognition of the mutated antigen by the tests. Therefore, it is essential to re-assess the test's sensitivity as the virus mutation profile undergoes significant changes. Here, we prospectively accessed the performance of the DPP SARS-CoV-2 Antigen test in the context of an omicron-dominant real-life setting. We evaluated 347 unselected individuals (all-comers) from a public testing center in Brazil, performing the rapid antigen test diagnosis at point-of-care with fresh samples. The combinatory result from two distinct RT-qPCR methods was employed as reference and 13 samples with discordant PCR results were excluded. The assessment of the rapid test in 67 PCR-positive and 265 negative samples revealed an overall sensitivity of 80.5%, specificity of 99.2% and positive/negative predictive values higher than 95%. However, we observed that the sensitivity was dependent on the viral load (sensitivity in Ct<31 = 93.7%; Ct>31 = 47.4%). Furthermore, we were able to confirm that the positive samples evaluated in the study were Omicron (BA.1/BA.1.1) by whole-genome sequencing (n=40) and multiplex RT-qPCR (n=17). Altogether, the data obtained from a real-life prospective cohort supports that the rapid antigen test sensitivity for the Omicron remains high and underscores the reliability of the test for COVID-19 diagnosis in a setting with high disease prevalence and limited PCR testing capability.

A novel SARS-CoV-2 detection method based on trans-acting ribozymes and FRET of DNA-hairpins in a hybridization chain reaction

“…Therefore, other diagnostic methods have been developed such as SARS-CoV-2 antigen detection via lateral flow testing, RT-LAMP, and CRISPR-based tests. However, recent studies evaluating the accuracy of diagnosis achieved by antigen LFT compared to RT-qPCR for primary care patients have shown that antigens-based tests are accurate for high viral load, but it generates uncertain and unreliable results in situations where the viral load is low 7,32 . Although the RT-LAMP and CRISPR-based methods have been demonstrated to be effective in detecting SARS-CoV-2, and their use has increased worldwide 8,10,11,13,[33][34][35] , these methods still require the use of enzymes.…”