Real-scale fire tests of one bedroom apartments with regard to tenability assessment

Guillaume, Éric; Didieux, Franck; Thiry, Aurélien; Bellivier, Axel

doi:10.1016/j.firesaf.2014.08.014

Cited by 35 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…These studies include assessing the tenability risk to occupants in numerical simulations of compartment fires [16], one-bedroom apartment fires [17], 1950s legacy residential housing [18], and basement fires [19].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Occupant Tenability in Single Family Homes: Part I—Impact of Structure Type, Fire Location and Interior Doors Prior to Fire Department Arrival

et al. 2017

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Abstract. This paper describes an experimental investigation of the impact of structure geometry, fire location, and closed interior doors on occupant tenability in typical single family house geometries using common fuels from twenty-first century fires. Two houses were constructed inside a large fire facility; a one-story, 112 m 2 , 3-bedroom, 1-bathroom house with 8 total rooms, and a two-story 297 m 2 , 4-bedroom, 2.5-bathroom house with 12 total rooms. Seventeen experiments were conducted with varying fire locations. In all scenarios, two bedrooms had doors remaining open while the door remained closed in a third bedroom immediately adjacent to the open door bedrooms. Temperature and gas measurement at the approximate location of a crawling or crouching trapped occupant (0.9 m from the floor) were utilized with the ISO 13571 fractional effective dose (FED) methodology to characterize occupant tenability up to the point of firefighter intervention. The FED values for the fire room were higher for heat exposure than for toxic gases, while target rooms reached highest FED due to CO/CO 2 exposure. The closed interior door decreased FED significantly, with the worst case scenario resulting in a 2% probability of receiving an incapacitating dose compared to the worst case scenario for an open bedroom of 93% probability of receiving an incapacitating dose. In fact, in 7 of the 17 experiments, the closed interior door resulted in a less than 0.1% chance of an occupant receiving an incapacitating dose prior to firefighter 'intervention.'

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confidence: 99%

Occupant Tenability in Single Family Homes: Part I—Impact of Structure Type, Fire Location and Interior Doors Prior to Fire Department Arrival

et al. 2017

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“…A comparison between the results of simulation of a fire ignition with wood crib #5 in accordance with BS 6807 British standard [24] and Guillaume et. al [23] results is shown in fig. 5.…”

Section: Input Datamentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Also it was used to estimate the time at which the flashover temperature occurs at the three cases. The solver code was validated with a full scale test of one room apartment [23]. A comparison between the results of simulation of a fire ignition with wood crib #5 in accordance with BS 6807 British standard [24] and Guillaume et.…”

Section: Input Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

Studying different scenarios of operating air conditioning system in smoke management using computational fluid dynamics in naval ships

ElHelw¹,

Fayed²,

El-Shobaky³

2018

Therm sci

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Since the dawn of history maritime transport was an essential part of human communication and development which mandates the rapid development of the ship industry. It was accompanied by disasters caused by several factors among them fire played an important role. Fire can cause structural damage which affects ship safety and smoke which is life threating to passengers and ship crow. Trapped smoke in ship compartments if not ventilated or released can reach higher temperatures leading to flashover situation which enable fire propagation. The FLUENT CFD calculations were performed to analyze smoke generation and propagation in closed ship compartments. The time to reach flashover is also calculated. Based on how sealed and tight the compartment is three different scenarios where studied in this analysis: running air-condition while compartment door is open, stopped air-condition while compartment door is closed, and finally running air-condition while compartment door is closed. The calculations show that, the last scenario which incorporates modified running air-condition scheme to mitigate smoke was the best scenario.

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“…Large-scale studies have examined room and contents fires through the lens of occupant tenability using the FED methodology outlined in ISO 13571 [15]. The relative impact of toxic gases and heat has been examined in constructed rigs for compartments [16], single family residential structures [8,17], one-bedroom apartments [18], and basement fires [19]. These studies reinforce anecdotal evidence that the most significant risk for occupants in the fire room or close to the fire is from thermal injuries, while those distant from the fire typically experience an increased risk from toxic gases.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ex-Vivo Porcine Skin Model for Estimation of Trapped Occupant Burn Risk in Pre- and Post-suppression Fire Environments

et al. 2019

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There are currently important questions in the fire service as to the efficacy of various fire attack methods, both in terms of rapidly suppressing the fire and for potentially impacting the burn risk for occupants in the structure. A series of 24 full-scale residential fire experiments were performed to investigate the influence of fire size and fire service water application (interior only vs exterior-to-interior fire attack) on relative risk for skin burns in trapped occupants. A novel skin damage assessment tool utilizing ex vivo porcine skin samples was developed allowing measurement of temperatures at the surface of the porcine skin and at the subcutaneous fat surrogate interface. This tool allowed, for the first time, observation that typical fire attack methods resulted in short-lived transient increases in skin surface temperatures for a simulated occupant just outside the fire room that were typically around 5°C but ranged from 0°C to 15°C for rapid fire service intervention. Minimal differences were observed between the effects of interior or exterior fire streams immediately outside of the fire room. However, these values were markedly lower than when water application was delayed. This new tool provides novel information regarding trapped occupant skin burn risk that compliments traditional fire measurement tools and may provide a platform for future study on the impact of clothing as well as model based interpretation of experimental data that more accurately captures relevant physiology.

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Real-scale fire tests of one bedroom apartments with regard to tenability assessment

Cited by 35 publications

References 18 publications

Occupant Tenability in Single Family Homes: Part I—Impact of Structure Type, Fire Location and Interior Doors Prior to Fire Department Arrival

Occupant Tenability in Single Family Homes: Part I—Impact of Structure Type, Fire Location and Interior Doors Prior to Fire Department Arrival

Studying different scenarios of operating air conditioning system in smoke management using computational fluid dynamics in naval ships

Ex-Vivo Porcine Skin Model for Estimation of Trapped Occupant Burn Risk in Pre- and Post-suppression Fire Environments

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