Real Time Ammonia Detection in Exhaled Human Breath with a Quantum Cascade Laser Based Sensor

Lewicki, R.; Kosterev, Anatoliy A.; Bakhirkin, Yury A.; Thomazy, David; Doty, James H.; Tittel, Frank K.; Risby, Terence H.; Solga, Steven F.; Kane, D. M.; Day, Timothy

doi:10.1364/cleo.2009.cms6

Cited by 19 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Our protocol has strength in three areas: the monitor, the interface sampler, and attention to the human influences. The monitor was built by colleagues at Rice University as previously described 7 . The basis of the measurement is a quartz enhanced photoacoustic spectroscopy (QEPAS) technique that employs a piezoelectric quartz tuning fork as an acoustic transducer.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fast and Accurate Exhaled Breath Ammonia Measurement

Solga

Mudalel

Spacek

et al. 2014

JoVE

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This exhaled breath ammonia method uses a fast and highly sensitive spectroscopic method known as quartz enhanced photoacoustic spectroscopy (QEPAS) that uses a quantum cascade based laser. The monitor is coupled to a sampler that measures mouth pressure and carbon dioxide. The system is temperature controlled and specifically designed to address the reactivity of this compound. The sampler provides immediate feedback to the subject and the technician on the quality of the breath effort. Together with the quick response time of the monitor, this system is capable of accurately measuring exhaled breath ammonia representative of deep lung systemic levels.Because the system is easy to use and produces real time results, it has enabled experiments to identify factors that influence measurements. For example, mouth rinse and oral pH reproducibly and significantly affect results and therefore must be controlled. Temperature and mode of breathing are other examples. As our understanding of these factors evolves, error is reduced, and clinical studies become more meaningful. This system is very reliable and individual measurements are inexpensive.The sampler is relatively inexpensive and quite portable, but the monitor is neither. This limits options for some clinical studies and provides rational for future innovations. Video LinkThe video component of this article can be found at

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fast and Accurate Exhaled Breath Ammonia Measurement

Solga

Mudalel

Spacek

et al. 2014

JoVE

Self Cite

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“…The monitor was calibrated daily and provides a reading in parts per billion (v/v). The accuracy of this prototype monitor was compared to an existing monitor developed by colleagues at Rice University based on the absorption of mid IR radiation 6 , 7 , 38 , 39 . Figure 3 illustrates a scatterplot of means of 3 duplicate samples obtained from 10 individuals by the Bedfont and Rice breath ammonia monitors.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Repeated Measures of Blood and Breath Ammonia in Response to Control, Moderate and High Protein Dose in Healthy Men

Spacek

Strzepka

Saha

et al. 2018

Sci Rep

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Ammonia physiology is important to numerous disease states including urea cycle disorders and hepatic encephalopathy. However, many unknowns persist regarding the ammonia response to common and potentially significant physiologic influences, such as food. Our aim was to evaluate the dynamic range of ammonia in response to an oral protein challenge in healthy participants. We measured blood and breath ammonia at baseline and every hour for 5.5 hours. Healthy men (N = 22, aged 18 to 24 years) consumed a 60 g protein shake (high dose); a subset of 10 consumed a 30 g protein shake (moderate dose) and 12 consumed an electrolyte drink containing 0 g protein (control). Change in blood ammonia over time varied by dose (p = 0.001). Difference in blood ammonia was significant for control versus high (p = 0.0004) and moderate versus high (p = 0.03). Change in breath ammonia over time varied by dose (p < 0.0001). Difference in breath ammonia was significant for control versus moderate (p = 0.03) and control versus high (p = 0.0003). Changes in blood and breath ammonia were detectable by fast, minimally-invasive (blood) or non-invasive (breath) point-of-care ammonia measurement methods. These pilot data may contribute to understanding normal ammonia metabolism. Novel measurement methods may aid research into genetic and metabolic ammonia disorders.

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“…They found that healthy individuals may begin the day with a breath NH 3 measurement of 100-1,000 ppb. Lewicki et al reported also a QCL breath sensor platform for medical applications that employed quartz-enhanced photoacoustic spectroscopy and found a detection sensitivity for exhaled NH 3 < 10 ppbv level with 1 s time resolution [93].…”

Section: Ammoniamentioning

confidence: 99%

Applications of Near Infrared Photoacoustic Spectroscopy for Analysis of Human Respiration: A Review

et al. 2020

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In this review, applications of near-infrared photoacoustic spectroscopy are presented as an opportunity to evaluate human respiration because the measurement of breath is fast, intact and simple to implement. Recently, analytical methods for measuring biomarkers in exhaled air have been extensively developed. With laser-based photoacoustic spectroscopy, volatile organic compounds can be identified with high sensitivity, at a high rate, and with very good selectivity. The literature review has shown the applicability of near-infrared photoacoustic spectroscopy to one of the problems of the real world, i.e., human health. In addition, the review will consider and explore different breath sampling methods for human respiration analysis.

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Real Time Ammonia Detection in Exhaled Human Breath with a Quantum Cascade Laser Based Sensor

Cited by 19 publications

References 5 publications

Fast and Accurate Exhaled Breath Ammonia Measurement

Fast and Accurate Exhaled Breath Ammonia Measurement

Repeated Measures of Blood and Breath Ammonia in Response to Control, Moderate and High Protein Dose in Healthy Men

Applications of Near Infrared Photoacoustic Spectroscopy for Analysis of Human Respiration: A Review

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