Real Time Building Evacuation Modeling with an Improved Cellular Automata Method and Corresponding IoT System Implementation

Abstract

Facility emergence evacuation is often a complicated process under extreme conditions. Most of the buildings today use pre-installed signages to guide the emergence evacuation. However, these guidances are sometimes insufficient or misleading, particularly for evacuating from high-rise buildings or complex buildings, such as schools, hospitals, and stadiums. Following a planned route may lead the crowd to move towards dangers, such as smoke and fire. The future emergency guidance system should be more intelligent and be able to guide people to evacuate with a higher survival possibility. This study proposes a real-time building evacuation model with an improved cellular automata (CA) method. This algorithm combines cellular automata with the potential energy field (PEF) model in fluid dynamic theory (FDT) to choose safe paths for the crowd and reduce the possibility of stampedes. Custom-designed wireless sensors, artificial intelligence (A.I.) enhanced surveillance cameras, intelligent emergency signage systems, and edge computing servers are used to sample fire and crowd data, operate the intelligent evacuation algorithm, and guide the crowd with the signage system in real-time conditions. In addition, we performed the algorithm simulation on a two-dimensional plane generated based on the building structure of the Beijing Capital Airport Hospital. The evacuation drill simulations show that the average escape time is significantly shortened with optimal real-time guidance. In one case, a 72% reduction in evacuation time is achieved compared with evacuation using pre-installed signages. The results also demonstrated that the proposed model and system’s evacuation time reduction performance is particularly good in crowded buildings, such as schools or stadiums.

Analisis Kualitas Pelayanan Petugas Customer Service PT. Angkasa Pura I dalam melayani Penumpang di Bandar Udara International Yogyakarta

“…Moda transportasi udara memerlukan infrastruktur meliputi bandara udara sebagai sarana pokok sektor transportasi udara. Bandar udara merupakan sarana paling penting dalam kegiatan transportasi udara, tanpa adanya Bandar udara maka moda transportasi udara tidak dapat berjalan baik (Abraham et al, 1992;Bae, 2022;Björkvall, 2020;Herrera-Collins, 2024;Higgins, 2021;Horonjeff & McKelvey, 2018;Ji, 2022).…”

A Fire Evacuation and Control System in Smart Buildings Based on the Internet of Things and a Hybrid Intelligent Algorithm

“…On this basis, the system assigns each sign its direction value. (5) Using IoT LoRa connectivity, the system transmits signage direction data to smart signage devices in order to direct the audience to evacuate via the ideal route [23].…”

“…On this basis, the system assigns each sign its direction value. ( 5) Using IoT LoRa connectivity, the system transmits signage direction data to smart signage devices in order to direct the audience to evacuate via the ideal route [23]. To create the initial population, a number of separate routes from the departure node to the destination node are created.…”

Evacuation Simulation of a Passenger Ship Fire Based on a Modified Cellular Automaton

“…Ji et al. [ 36 ] simulated fire evacuation of buildings by combining cellular automaton models and evacuation signs. Miyagawa et al.…”

“…Rui et al [35] combined the cellular automaton model with the existing forest fire model to improve the time accuracy of calculating forest fire spread. Ji et al [36] simulated fire evacuation of buildings by combining cellular automaton models and evacuation signs. Miyagawa et al [37] studied the steering behavior of evacuees during fire evacuation using an improved cellular automaton model.…”