Real-time confocal laser scan microscope for examination and diagnosis of the eye in vivo

Massig, J. H.; Preissler, M.; Wegener, A.; Gaida, G.

doi:10.1364/ao.33.000690

Cited by 24 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…A diffraction limited spot of light is scanned over a region of the specimen. The reflected light imaged by the microscope objective is descanned by the galvanometer scanning mirrors and imaged onto an iris diaphragm, or a pinhole aperture located in front of the photomultiplier detector (64,65). A recent development in clinical confocal microscopy is the scanning laser ophthalmoscope developed by Robert Webb and coworkers (66)(67)(68).…”

Section: Laser Scanning Confocal Microscopementioning

confidence: 99%

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Three-Dimensional Confocal Microscopy of the Living Human Eye

Masters

Böhnke

2002

Annu. Rev. Biomed. Eng.

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Three-dimensional confocal microscopy of the living eye is a major development in instrumentation for biomicroscopy of the eye. This noninvasive optical technology has its roots in the application of optics to reflected light imaging of the eye. These instrument developments began with Leeuwenhoek's use of his single lens microscope to investigate the structure of the eye. There followed a series of connected instruments: the ophthalmoscope, the slit lamp, the specular microscope, and the clinical confocal microscope. In vivo confocal microscopy produces high contrast, reflected light images or optical sections through the depth of living ocular tissue. Stacks of registered optical sections can be transformed by computer visualization techniques into three-dimensional volume images of ocular tissues: cornea, ocular lens, retina, and optic nerve. The clinical confocal microscope has resulted in new diagnostic techniques and new cellular descriptions of ocular disorders and pathology.

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Section: Laser Scanning Confocal Microscopementioning

confidence: 99%

“…One way to mitigate these alterations of the cornea is to use a noncontact confocal microscope (65). For example, a long working distance air microscope objective could be designed for in vivo observation of the cornea.…”

Section: Alterations Of the Human Cornea Induced By The Examinationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Three-Dimensional Confocal Microscopy of the Living Human Eye

Masters

Böhnke

2002

Annu. Rev. Biomed. Eng.

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“…The reflected light is collected through a confocal receiver and used to construct a digital image in an area of 400×400 μm. The confocal laser scanning microscope permits the observation of deep ocular structures such as the lens, the retina, and the vitreous [12,13]. The Heidelberg Retina Tomograph (HRTII) in association with the Rostock Cornea Modul (RCM) utilizes a 670-nm diode class I laser for in vivo confocal microscopy of the anterior segment of the eye [16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In vivo confocal microscopy of pigmented conjunctival tumors

Messmer

Mackert

Zapp

et al. 2006

Graefe's Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmo

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High correlations were found between in vivo confocal microscopy using near-infrared laser light and histology in the diagnosis of pigmented conjunctival lesions. In vivo confocal microscopy seems to be a valuable new tool in the differential diagnosis and follow-up of pigmented conjunctival tumors. It does not replace histology, but may assist in performing guided biopsy in tumors suspected clinically and/or with in vivo microscopy. In addition, in vivo confocal microscopy may support the clinical diagnosis of extrascleral involvement in uveal melanoma.

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“…The confocal laser scanning microscope permits the observation of deep ocular structures such as the lens, the retina, and the vitreous. 13,14 The Heidelberg retina tomograph (HRTII), in association with the Rostock cornea modul (RCM), uses a 670-nm diode class 1 laser for in vivo confocal microscopy. In addition to high-resolution imaging of the transparent cornea, the HRTII/RCM system allows the visualization of opaque structures.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%