Real-time control of stepper motors for mechano-sensory stimulation

Múñiz, Carlos; Levi, Rafael; Benkrid, Meriem; Rodríguez, Francisco B.; Varona, Pablo

doi:10.1016/j.jneumeth.2008.04.017

Cited by 16 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…see [43]–[46]). Realistic mechanical stimulation is needed in these studies as the correct sensory input will evoke a natural response at any stage of the nervous system [47]. Novel types of mechanical stimulation protocols that include artificial closed-loops between different stages of the sensory-motor transformation can unveil the underlying dynamics of information processing.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In particular, a stepper motor can act as a precise mechanical stimulator since, as an electric device that divides a full rotation into a large number of steps, it can be turned to a very accurate angle. Speed and acceleration can also be controlled by sending the appropriate commands at precise time windows, which in some cases requires dedicated hardware, programmable logic or the use or real time software technology [47].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Generalization of the Dynamic Clamp Concept in Neurophysiology and Behavior

et al. 2012

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The idea of closed-loop interaction in in vitro and in vivo electrophysiology has been successfully implemented in the dynamic clamp concept strongly impacting the research of membrane and synaptic properties of neurons. In this paper we show that this concept can be easily generalized to build other kinds of closed-loop protocols beyond (or in addition to) electrical stimulation and recording in neurophysiology and behavioral studies for neuroethology. In particular, we illustrate three different examples of goal-driven real-time closed-loop interactions with drug microinjectors, mechanical devices and video event driven stimulation. Modern activity-dependent stimulation protocols can be used to reveal dynamics (otherwise hidden under traditional stimulation techniques), achieve control of natural and pathological states, induce learning, bridge between disparate levels of analysis and for a further automation of experiments. We argue that closed-loop interaction calls for novel real time analysis, prediction and control tools and a new perspective for designing stimulus-response experiments, which can have a large impact in neuroscience research.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Generalization of the Dynamic Clamp Concept in Neurophysiology and Behavior

et al. 2012

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“…The same principles underlying dynamic-clamp can be generalized to develop a broad spectrum of protocols in neuroscience research and, particularly, in neuroethology. The ability to change a stimulus as a function of real time events detected in ongoing activity can reveal many types of dynamics hidden under traditional stimulation protocols and bridge between disparate levels of analysis [1,2]. Furthermore, activity-dependent stimulation can be used to explore plasticity, learning and memory mechanisms and to exert control under normal or pathological situations.…”

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confidence: 99%

Online video tracking for activity-dependent stimulation in neuroethology

et al. 2011

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“…RT software technology has been previously exploited to build dynamic clamp protocols in electrophysiological preparations [1]. The same principles used in the dynamic-clamp technology can be generalized to develop new techniques of activity-dependent stimulation with applications in a broad spectrum of research in nervous systems [2]. Here we show how RT software technology can also be used to build protocols of activity-dependent real-time drug microinjection to stimulate neural systems.…”

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confidence: 99%

Real-time activity-dependent drug microinjection

et al. 2009

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Real-time (RT) software technology has an enormous potential to precisely control the spatio-temporal aspects of a stimulus and to build activity-dependent stimulusresponse loops to interact with neural systems and control them in a millisecond time scale. Establishing these loops can be an essential step towards understanding the dynamics of many neural processes and can bridge between traditionally disparate levels of analysis. RT software technology has been previously exploited to build dynamic clamp protocols in electrophysiological preparations [1]. The same principles used in the dynamic-clamp technology can be generalized to develop new techniques of activity-dependent stimulation with applications in a broad spectrum of research in nervous systems [2]. Here we show how RT software technology can also be used to build protocols of activity-dependent real-time drug microinjection to stimulate neural systems.The heart central pattern generator (CPG) from the cardiac ganglion of the crab Carcinus maenas was subjected to microinjections of GABA. The microinjections were delivered with a Picospritzer III, and the duration of the injection and the stimulation precise instant were controlled. Simultaneously, the membrane potential of one neuron was measured and an activity-dependent stimuli protocol of GABA microinjection was implemented with RT software technology. Figure 1 shows the effect of activity-dependent GABA microinjection stimuli evoked by the real-time detection of three action potentials in a CPG neuron from the cardiac ganglion of Carcinus maenas. The top panel shows the control activity (irregular bursts with six or more spikes). The middle panel shows the beginning of a RT stimulation protocol that consists of GABA injection when more than two spikes are detected (the vertical arrows indicate the instant in which the microinjection takes place). The bottom panel shows the activity a few seconds after the beginning of the protocol.

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Real-time control of stepper motors for mechano-sensory stimulation

Cited by 16 publications

References 29 publications

Generalization of the Dynamic Clamp Concept in Neurophysiology and Behavior

Generalization of the Dynamic Clamp Concept in Neurophysiology and Behavior

Online video tracking for activity-dependent stimulation in neuroethology

Real-time activity-dependent drug microinjection

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