Real time control of water distribution networks: A state-of-the-art review

Creaco, Enrico; Campisano, Alberto; Fontana, Nicola; Marini, Gustavo; Page, Philip R.; Walski, Tom

doi:10.1016/j.watres.2019.06.025

Cited by 113 publications

(58 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…Data include the characteristic parameters of pumps, valves, pressures and flows, as well as hours of operation towards the lowest operating costs. The objective is to make any operational decision almost instantly to meet the requirements for an efficient water supply [42]. Brentan et al [43] proposed a hybrid methodology to update water demand models.…”

Section: Near Real-time Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Overview of Energy Management and Leakage Control Systems for Smart Water Grids and Digital Water

et al. 2020

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Current and future smart cities are moving towards the zero-net energy use concept. To this end, the built environment should also be designed for efficient energy use and play a significant role in the production of such energy. At present, this is achieved by focusing on energy demand in buildings and to the renewable trade-off related to smart power grids. However, urban water distribution systems constantly carry an excess of hydraulic energy that can potentially be recovered to produce electricity. This paper presents a comprehensive review of current strategies for energy production by reviewing the state-of-the-art of smart water systems. New technologies (such as cyber-physical systems, digital twins, blockchain) and new methodologies (network dynamics, geometric deep learning) associated with digital water are also discussed. The paper then focuses on modelling the installation of both micro-turbines and pumps as turbines, instead of/together with pressure reduction valves, to further demonstrate the energy-recovery methods which will enable water network partitioning into district metered areas. The associated benefits on leakage control, as a source of energy, and for contributing to overall network resilience are also highlighted. The paper concludes by presenting future research directions. Notably, digital water is proposed as the main research and operational direction for current and future Water Distribution Systems (WDS) and as a holistic, data-centred framework for the operation and management of water networks.

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Section: Near Real-time Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Overview of Energy Management and Leakage Control Systems for Smart Water Grids and Digital Water

et al. 2020

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“…Today, there is a great scientific and technical interest in analyzing and evaluating the possibilities of recovering the unused energy in pressurized and gravity water distribution systems. Topics of interest include the optimal location and operation scheme of the hydraulic machine to be installed, as well as the influence of this one on the control and management of the pipeline network [3][4][5][6][7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Computer Program to Support the Selection of Turbines to Recover Unused Energy at Hydraulic Networks

Rodríguez-Pérez

Pulido‐Calvo

Cáceres-Ramos

2021

Water

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For this paper, a computer program was designed and developed to calculate which turbines could be placed in a water distribution system considering the hydraulic constraints. The aforementioned turbines are placed in locations where we have unused hydraulic energy, i.e., when this energy is dissipated by a regulating valve. In our case, what we do is place a turbine to make use of that excess energy. Once the data has been entered into the program, it provides the type or types of turbines that can be placed in each location, what power these turbines would be, and how much they would generate annually. The program offers us two calculation options. In the first, and simpler, one, it would be done using the net head at the location where the turbine is to be placed. For this option, it would only be necessary to introduce the flow rate, the net head, and the hours that the turbine will be in operation to perform the calculation. The second option would be in the case where we did not have the net head, and, instead, we had the gross head. In this case, we have to calculate the head losses. Normally, this would be the most used option because there are usually no pressure drops. To perform the calculation, in this case, it is necessary to know, apart from what is mentioned in the first option, the characteristics of the pipe (diameter, length, and material).

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“…To address the potential challenges associated with the existing leak localization methods as mentioned above, the present paper proposes a new multistage method for leak localization within the DMA with the aid of active valve operations (VOs) and smart demand metering. The proposed method is made possible due to that many water utilities have increasingly utilized smart and intelligent techniques in their WDSs (referred as smart WDSs), such as smart demand meters, remote control valves, and advanced informatics (Creaco et al, 2019; Nguyen et al, 2018). Such smart facilities provide opportunities for the development of innovative techniques to enable enhanced WDS operations and management (Farah & Shahrour, 2017).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficient Leak Localization in Water Distribution Systems Using Multistage Optimal Valve Operations and Smart Demand Metering

Huang

Zheng

Kapelan

et al. 2020

Water Resources Research

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This paper proposes a multistage method for burst leak localization through valve operations (VOs) and smart demand metering in district meter areas (DMAs) of water distribution systems (WDSs). Each stage includes partitioning of the DMA into two subregions using VOs and identification of potentially leaking pipes within the subregions through water balance analysis based on smart demand meters. Such a process is performed repeatedly (multiple stages) to narrow down the spatial range for pinpointing leak locations. To improve efficiency, a bisection optimization problem is formulated to localize the minimum leak areas using the lowest number of VOs, which is solved by a graph theory-based method. The utility of the proposed method is demonstrated using two DMAs (DMA1 and DMA2) of a real WDS with different topological properties. Results show that the proposed method can efficiently localize artificial burst leaks in DMA1 within 7-15% of the total pipe length, implying that the proposed method is theoretically effective in localizing pipe burst leaks. The real application to DMA2 has identified two leak regions with 2.3 and 4.2 km of pipe length (around 3-6% of the entire DMA2) using 18 VOs. These two burst leaks have been subsequently confirmed and pinpointed using listening rods by practitioners of the local water utility. These results indicate that the proposed multistage method is effective and efficient for burst leak localization, which can be promising for wide practical applications due to rapid developments of smart WDSs (e.g., smart demand meters or control valves).

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Real time control of water distribution networks: A state-of-the-art review

Cited by 113 publications

References 52 publications

Overview of Energy Management and Leakage Control Systems for Smart Water Grids and Digital Water

Overview of Energy Management and Leakage Control Systems for Smart Water Grids and Digital Water

A Computer Program to Support the Selection of Turbines to Recover Unused Energy at Hydraulic Networks

Efficient Leak Localization in Water Distribution Systems Using Multistage Optimal Valve Operations and Smart Demand Metering

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