“…Modern advancements in traffic measurement systems could also serve to reduce accidents, with the potential to identify hazardous conditions in real-time, allowing action to be taken to avoid increased accident risk [18]. Of particular interest is the use of real-time traffic measurement technologies, which can identify unsafe traffic conditions as they are developing, allowing measures to be taken to alleviate these conditions [19]. Bluetooth traffic sensors are one method used to collect this high temporal resolution traffic data which can be used for measuring crash risk, such as in studies by Yuan, et al, [20], Yuan, et al, [21], and Yuan and Abdel-Aty [22].…”