Real time digital implementation of the high-yield-pileup-event-recover (HYPER) method

Liu, Jiguo; Li, Hongdi; Wang, Yu; Kim, Soonseok; Zhang, Yuxuan; Liu, Shitao; Baghaei, H.; Ramirez, Rocio; Wong, Wai-Hoi

doi:10.1109/nssmic.2007.4437051

Cited by 12 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…This method requires analog components and an integrator that clears when a pileup event occurs. This method has recently been converted into a digital implementation in an FPGA [10]. In order to achieve good energy resolution in a digital circuit, HYPER needs ADC rates of at least 200Msps as well as an analog trigger to signal the beginning of any pulse.…”

Section: Previous Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

FPGA-based pulse pileup correction

Haselman

Hauck

Lewellen

et al. 2010

IEEE Nuclear Science Symposuim &Amp; Medical Imaging Conference

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Modern Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) are capable of performing complex discrete signal processing algorithms with clock rates above 100MHz. This combined with FPGA’s low expense, ease of use, and selected dedicated hardware make them an ideal technology for a data acquisition system for a positron emission tomography (PET) scanner. The University of Washington is producing a high-resolution, small-animal PET scanner that utilizes FPGAs as the core of the front-end electronics. For this next generation scanner, functions that are typically performed in dedicated circuits, or offline, are being migrated to the FPGA. This will not only simplify the electronics, but the features of modern FPGAs can be utilizes to add significant signal processing power to produce higher resolution images. In this paper we report on an all-digital pulse pileup correction algorithm that is being developed for the FPGA. The pileup mitigation algorithm will allow the scanner to run at higher count rates without incurring large data losses due to the overlapping of scintillation signals. This correction technique utilizes a reference pulse to extract timing and energy information for most pileup events. Using pulses were acquired from a Zecotech Photonics MAPDN with an LFS-3 scintillator, we show that good timing and energy information can be achieved in the presence of pileup.

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Section: Previous Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

FPGA-based pulse pileup correction

Haselman

Hauck

Lewellen

et al. 2010

IEEE Nuclear Science Symposuim &Amp; Medical Imaging Conference

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“…The central part of the system, the high-speed parallel pulse processor, is realized using an FPGA device. In [8], the authors proposed high yield pileup event recovery (HYPER) method that corrects multiple pulse pileup events. The correction is done by computing a weighted sum of an overlapping pulse and subtracting the weighted sum of the previous pulses, decreased by a time-decay term.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hardware Implementation for Pileup Correction Algorithms in Gamma_Ray Spectroscopy

Manar¹,

Mohamed²,

Hashima³

et al. 2017

IJCA

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One of the main detection duties in spectroscopy system is pileup detection of the location of the maximum peaks utilizing a local extreme method. This paper presents the hardware implementation of two pile up recovery algorithms. The first algorithm utilizes a peak detection algorithm, while the second one utilizes a peak sensitivity algorithm. The two algorithms are designed and evaluated by compiling MATLAB into field programmable gate array (FPGA) using Xilinx system generator (XSG). The tested signal is captured by analogue to-digital converter (ADC) with sampling rate of 16MS/s. The results confirm that the first algorithm is better than the second one due to its simple architecture, which leads to faster processing speed.

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“…For pileup processing, the DLPC and the dynamic integration methods are also implemented in digital domain for better performance [24] and simplified circuits [30].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advantages of Digitally Sampling Scintillation Pulses in Pileup Processing in PET

Wang

Xie

Chen

et al. 2012

IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci.

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A novel digital signal processing method called digital-single-event-reconstruction (DiSER) is proposed to detect pileups, and to recover the timing and the energy information of each single event from a pileup. For each digitized waveform, the DiSER method can distinguish multi-event pileups from single-event pulses by counting the leading edges in a scintillation's duration. Leading edges are identified from the derivative of the waveform. Each leading edge and its following tail are utilized to reconstruct the scintillation pulses in a pileup. Two or more reconstructed single-event pulses can be retrieved from a detected pileup. Consequently, the timing and the energy information of the single event could be derived from the reconstructed pulse. Compared to the conventional pulse processing method, the DiSER method significantly increases the counts of coincidence events in high count rate cases. The energy spectrums, coincidence timing histograms and flood maps obtained by the DiSER method and the conventional method are compared. The effect of sampling rate on the DiSER performance is investigated as well. The experimental results suggest that the DiSER method is a promising digitally sampling scintillation pulses technique for pileup processing in PET.Index Terms-Digital signal processing, pileup, positron emission tomography (PET), scintillation pulse.

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Real time digital implementation of the high-yield-pileup-event-recover (HYPER) method

Cited by 12 publications

References 5 publications

FPGA-based pulse pileup correction

FPGA-based pulse pileup correction

Hardware Implementation for Pileup Correction Algorithms in Gamma_Ray Spectroscopy

Advantages of Digitally Sampling Scintillation Pulses in Pileup Processing in PET

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