Real-time driving cycle measurements of fuel consumption and pollutant emissions of a bi-fuel LPG-gasoline motorcycle

Duy, Vinh Nguyen; Duc, Khanh Nguyen; Van, Nguyen Cam

doi:10.1016/j.ecmx.2021.100135

Cited by 8 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…This allows a traditional ambulance to be able to use a higher speed than a motorcycle. 29 In terms of the relationship between operating distance and criteria-based dispatch level, it was found that at less than five kilometers, motorcycles will reach patients faster than vans in all levels of severity (red, yellow, and green). This was due to the distance from the hospital to the patient being remarkably close and being able to operate faster than a van.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimizing Operation Time and Travel Distance for Motorcycle Ambulances in Emergency Medical Services

Apiratwarakul

Phungoen²,

Cheung³

et al. 2022

Prehosp. Disaster med.

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Introduction: The motorcycle ambulance is used for quick access to patients. The response time to reach the patient takes less time than with a van ambulance. Moreover, accidents involving ambulances tend to be higher. However, at present, there is no study regarding the appropriate situation used of motorcycle ambulances in Emergency Medical Services (EMS) in Thailand. Study Objective: This study aims to optimize the travel distance and the operation time of motorcycle ambulances used. Methods: This study was a prospective, randomized controlled study at the EMS unit of Srinagarind Hospital, Thailand. The data collection period was from November 2021 through May 2022. All data involving dispatch of both ambulances in need were collected. Results: A total of 2,398 cases of EMS operation were examined. The mean age of the patients in the motorcycle ambulance group was 42.5 (SD = 6.5) years, and 51.3% (n = 616) were male. The response time for motorcycle ambulances and van ambulances during the operation time between 6:00am-9:00am was 6.2 minutes and 9.1 minutes, respectively. The response times for motorcycle ambulances and van ambulances regarding distance traveled from 0-5km were 4.2 minutes and 7.5 minutes, respectively (P <.001); distance traveled from 5-10km were 6.3 minutes and 8.2 minutes, respectively (P = .010). Conclusion: The motorcycle ambulance can reach patients faster than the ambulance at the operation time from 6:00am-9:00am and 3:00pm-6:00pm. This study focused on the distance less than 10 kilometers.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimizing Operation Time and Travel Distance for Motorcycle Ambulances in Emergency Medical Services

Apiratwarakul

Phungoen²,

Cheung³

et al. 2022

Prehosp. Disaster med.

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“…By considering the drying time for each material in the dryers, the power consumptions from the usage of gas fuel and electricity from the operation of the blower were calculated. The blower has a power requirement of 370 Watt, and 1 kg of gas fuel is assumed to be equal to 50 MJ [85]. It can be seen that the energy requirement for the Polydryer without heater operation was slightly lower than the one with a heater.…”

Section: Energy and Economic Aspect Of Polydryersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Medicinal Plant Drying Using a Superabsorbent Polymer Dryer Incorporated with an Insulated Heater

et al. 2022

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In this study, a superabsorbent polymer dryer (Polydryer) used to obtain dried medicinal plant materials (Simplicia) was incorporated with a heater to enhance the drying rate. In general, the Polydryer was constructed using a cabinet containing polymer hydrogel (polygel), a gas-fueled heater, and a drying cabinet. A polygel synthesized from acrylic acid and cassava starch was utilized to reduce the moisture content in the drying air prior to entering the heater. The drying performance of the Polydryer with and without heater operation was investigated. The results showed that the drying in the Polydryer with heater operation required 18–26 h to attain a final moisture content of 8.8–10%, significantly faster than the Polydryer without heater employment (95–119 h). In addition, the drying of medicinal plants in the modified Polydryer followed the Page thin-drying model. The Simplicia products also showed a slightly lighter color, with no significant structural differences than those obtained without heat implementation. Overall, this drying machine is a time-effective and energy-efficient system that can be applied in pharmaceutical and agricultural industries on a large scale.

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“…Compared to gasoline, previous studies have demonstrated that LPG produces, respectively, 69.94%, 46.48%, and 47.89% lower hydrocarbon (HC), NOx and carbon monoxide CO emissions. The lower HC emissions have been demonstrated to be due to the higher flame's propagation speed and combustion temperature of LPG [4,5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Perspectives of a sustainable future based on LPG and renewable BioLPG as fuel suppliers: new developments and existing barriers

Montuori,

Alcázar-Ortega

2024

Liquefied Petroleum Gas - Recent Advances and Technologies for Energy Transition [Working Title]

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This chapter provides an overview on the outstanding production, distribution and storage technologies that will likely make the liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) and renewable BioLPG expand their utilization as a cleaner alternative to traditional fossil fuels. The growth of the Global LPG Market size will be presented, with a focus on US and the Europe, the Middle East and Africa (EMEA) regions. Moreover, the increment of worldwide policies aimed at reducing greenhouse gas emissions (GHGs) will be investigated. The growth of the LPG market is primarily propelled by the rising demand for a cost-effective and environmentally sustainable substitute of conventional fossil fuels. Concerning the residential sector, the demand for LPG is due to such end-uses as cooking, water heating and other household purposes. Regarding transportation, LPG’s popularity as an alternative automotive fuel (auto-gas) has also contributed significantly to its widespread adoption in this sector. On the other hand, the utilization of BioLPG is also going up since it is chemically indistinct from LPG and so, it can be ‘dropped-in’ to existing LPG boilers and appliances. Finally, the existing barriers and the new developments on this topic will be investigated to understand why LPG and BioLPG could represent a great investment for the future.

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Real-time driving cycle measurements of fuel consumption and pollutant emissions of a bi-fuel LPG-gasoline motorcycle

Cited by 8 publications

References 26 publications

Optimizing Operation Time and Travel Distance for Motorcycle Ambulances in Emergency Medical Services

Optimizing Operation Time and Travel Distance for Motorcycle Ambulances in Emergency Medical Services

Medicinal Plant Drying Using a Superabsorbent Polymer Dryer Incorporated with an Insulated Heater

Perspectives of a sustainable future based on LPG and renewable BioLPG as fuel suppliers: new developments and existing barriers

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