Real-time elemental imaging of large dimension paintings with a novel mobile macro X-ray fluorescence (MA-XRF) scanning technique

Romano, Francesco; Caliri, Claudia; Paolo, Nicotra; Martino, Sandra Di; Pappalardo, L.; Rizzo, F.; Santos, Hadassa Campos

doi:10.1039/c6ja00439c

Cited by 108 publications

(65 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…The elemental distribution images of the two paintings were obtained by a novel scanning technique allowing a real‐time imaging of large‐dimension artworks, the possibility made real only after the point XRF analysis has been already carried out . The MA‐XRF scanner was developed at the LANDIS laboratory of CNR‐IBAM and INFN‐LNS in Catania (Italy).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study of two large‐dimension Murillo's paintings by means of macro X‐ray fluorescence imaging, point X‐ray fluorescence analysis, and stratigraphic studies

et al. 2018

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During the recent restoration of two large‐dimension paintings by Murillo, entitled “Miracle of the loaves and fishes” and “Moses and the water from the rock of Horeb,” several studies about the materials employed for their execution were carried out. Macro X‐ray fluorescence scanning technique was performed on both works complemented by point X‐ray fluorescence and stratigraphic analyses, in order to characterize the different components of the paintings (i.e., ground layer, pigments, and binders). The results allowed us to better elucidate Murillo painting technique and his creative process. Ground layer was prepared in the usual fashion of the artist, using earths, calcium carbonate, iron oxide pigments, and white lead. The polichromy is composed of lead white mixed with various pigments, depending on the colour tone to be obtained in the pictorial composition: Red and yellow ochres, vermilion, azurite, smalt, and lead‐tin yellow were the main pigments identified during our study. Finally, the presence of previous conservation treatments was evidenced by detecting pigments (zinc white, Prussian blue, etc.) not coeval with the artist palette.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study of two large‐dimension Murillo's paintings by means of macro X‐ray fluorescence imaging, point X‐ray fluorescence analysis, and stratigraphic studies

et al. 2018

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“…Most recent optimising of MA‐XRF scanners includes the use of two or four detectors, allowing higher resolution and consequently shorter measuring times. For example, Romano et al reported a lateral resolution of up to 25 μm, scanning at a speed of 100 mm s −1 with 500 μm pixel size . Thurrowgood et al presented 31.6 megapixel high‐definition XRF mapping using synchrotron source .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

MA‐XRF study of 15th–17th century icons from the collection of the National Museum in Krakow, Poland

et al. 2018

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In 2015, the National Museum in Krakow, Poland, started a grant from the National Programme for the Development of Humanities, its goal to investigate an important collection of old Orthodox painting, including more than 50 15th to 17th century icons originating from the territory of the historical Orthodox Diocese of Przemyśl within the borders of the Polish Kingdom. The aim of researching the iconography, provenance, and technology of the artworks was to describe their specific features and destination, in detail, and to characterise their artistic milieu. Many different techniques were used during research, such as X‐ray fluorescence (XRF), X‐ray diffraction, reflectography, radiography, ultraviolet–visible imaging, Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy with energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy of prepared paint layer cross sections, and dendro‐chronological analysis. This paper focuses on highlighting the advantages and disadvantages of the spatially resolved macro‐XRF scanning (MA‐XRF) technique. Most interesting results concluded from elemental distribution maps obtained through the use of Bruker, M6 Jetstream MA‐XRF scanner include the following: characterisation of the type of gold and silver foil used in the icons; determination of main pigments, including the use of lead tin yellow unusual in iconography; and the noting of an interesting distribution of blue pigments as well as the presence of orpiment. Surprisingly, a considerable amount of zinc with azurite addition was observed in brown layers. The results obtained primarily highlight all the typical features of local Carpathian icon craft.

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“…Elemental imaging using X-ray fluorescence is a non destructive technique capable of bringing out important information in many fields [1], from materials science to cultural heritage [2][3][4][5] and planetary surface analysis [6] . A first class of methods by which X-ray fluorescence images can be obtained consists in the two dimensional scanning of a beam on the object and collection of the fluorescence X-rays at every point of the map [7,8]. It requires a focusing device and a minimum of two-axis motorized scanner.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling of x-ray fluorescence full field imaging using planar square pore micro-channel plate optics

Gailhanou¹,

Sarrazin²,

Blake³

2018

Appl. Opt.

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X-ray fluorescence imaging using perfect planar square pore micro-channel plate x-ray optics (MPO) is investigated through the modeling of the MPO point spread function (PSF). A semi-continuous model based on the use of a simplified two parameters reflectivity curve is developed including, in particular, three kinds of contributions. A validation of this model is carried out by calculating variations of several PSF characteristics with the MPO and fluorescence imaging parameters and comparing the results with ray-tracing simulations. A good agreement is found in a large range of x-ray energies; however, it is shown that for the lower values of the working distance a discrete model should be used to take into account the periodic nature of the PSF. Ray-tracing simulated images of extended monochromatic sources are interpreted in light of both the semi-continuous and discrete models. Finally, solutions are proposed to improve the imaging properties of the MPOs.

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Real-time elemental imaging of large dimension paintings with a novel mobile macro X-ray fluorescence (MA-XRF) scanning technique

Abstract: A novel mobile XRF scanner combining MA-XRF and micro-XRF techniques and allowing near real-time elemental imaging of macroscopic paintings.

Cited by 108 publications

References 19 publications

Study of two large‐dimension Murillo's paintings by means of macro X‐ray fluorescence imaging, point X‐ray fluorescence analysis, and stratigraphic studies

Study of two large‐dimension Murillo's paintings by means of macro X‐ray fluorescence imaging, point X‐ray fluorescence analysis, and stratigraphic studies

MA‐XRF study of 15th–17th century icons from the collection of the National Museum in Krakow, Poland

Modeling of x-ray fluorescence full field imaging using planar square pore micro-channel plate optics

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