Real-Time Feedback Towards Voluntary Pupil Control in Human-Computer Interaction: Enabling Continuous Pupillary Feedback

Georgi, Juliane; Kowalski, David J.; Ehlers, Jan; Huckauf, Anke

doi:10.1007/978-3-662-48645-0_10

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…All trials with cumulated blink duration longer than 200 ms were excluded from further analyses. Blinks shorter than 200 ms were interpolated using a modified algorithm based on Georgi, Kowalski, Ehlers, and Huckauf (2014). This procedure was chosen instead of treating blinks as missing data to preclude potential artifacts resulting from differential blink frequencies across experimental conditions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Decision Making and Oddball Effects on Pupil Size: Evidence for a Sequential Process

Strauch

Koniakowsky

Huckauf

2020

Journal of Cognition

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In our physical environment as well as in many experimental paradigms, we need to decide whether an occurring stimulus is relevant to us or not; further, stimuli have uneven probabilities to emerge. Both, decision making and the difference between rare and frequent stimuli (oddball effect) are described to affect pupil dilation. Surprisingly though, conjoint systematic pupillometric investigations into both factors are still rare. In two experiments, both factors as well as their interplay were investigated. Participants completed a sequential letter matching task. In this task, stimulus probability and letter matching (decision making) were manipulated independently. As dependent variables, pupil dilation and reaction time were assessed. Results suggest a clearly larger pupil dilation for target than for distractor letters, even when targets were frequent and distractors rare. When considering the data structure best, no main effect of stimulus probability was found, instead, oddball effects only emerged when stimuli were goal-relevant to participants. The results are discussed in the light of common theoretical concepts of decision making and stimulus probability. Finally, relating theories of each factor, we propose an integrated framework for effects of decision making and stimulus features on pupil dilation. We assume a sequential mechanism during which incoming stimuli are decided upon regarding their goal relevance and, about 200 ms later, relevant stimuli are appraised regarding their value.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Decision Making and Oddball Effects on Pupil Size: Evidence for a Sequential Process

Strauch

Koniakowsky

Huckauf

2020

Journal of Cognition

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“…Actual pupil diameter was visualized as a red circle. To reject blink artifacts, real-time data filtering was applied according to the approach validated in Ehlers et al [23] and Georgi et al [25]. Thereby, specifications of Bremner [26] are converted to the current sampling rate of 60 Hz, leading to an allowable sample-to-sample change of 0.09 mm.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The influence of sham feedback on physiological processing during fear-driven stimulation

et al. 2021

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Biofeedback constitutes a well-established, non-invasive method to voluntary interfere in emotional processing by means of cognitive strategies. However, treatment durations exhibit strong inter-individual variations and first successes can often be achieved only after a large number of sessions. Sham feedback constitutes a rather untapped approach by providing feedback that does not correspond to the participant’s actual state. The current study aims to gain insights into mechanisms of sham feedback processing in order to support new techniques in biofeedback therapy. We carried out two experiments and applied different types of sham feedback on skin conductance responses and pupil size changes during affective processing. Results indicate that standardized but context-sensitive sham signals based on skin conductance responses exert a stronger influence on emotional regulation compared to individual sham feedback from ongoing pupil dynamics. Also, sham feedback should forego unnatural signal behavior to avoid irritation and skepticism among participants. Altogether, a reasonable combination of stimulus features and sham feedback characteristics enables to considerably reduce the actual bodily responsiveness already within a single session.

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“…Pupil size data were measured throughout the experiment. Blinks and artifacts in the pupil data were filtered out and missing data were interpolated as described in Georgi et al (2014). Pupil data were downsampled to 50 Hz for all further analyses.…”

Section: Data Preparationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Increasing pupil size is associated with improved detection performance in the periphery

Eberhardt

Strauch

Hartmann

et al. 2021

Atten Percept Psychophys

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Visible light enters our body via the pupil. By changing its size, the pupil shapes visual input. Small apertures increase the resolution of high spatial frequencies, thus allowing discrimination of fine details. Large apertures, in contrast, provide a better signal-to-noise ratio, because more light can enter the eye. This should lead to better detection performance of peripheral stimuli. Experiment 1 shows that the effect can reliably be demonstrated even in a less controlled online setting. In Experiment 2, pupil size was measured in a laboratory using an eye tracker. The findings replicate findings showing that large pupils provide an advantage for peripheral detection of faint stimuli. Moreover, not only pupil size during information intake in the current trial n, but also its interaction with pupil size preceding information intake, i.e., in trial n-1, predicted performance. This suggests that in addition to absolute pupil size, the extent of pupillary change provides a mechanism to modulate perceptual functions. The results are discussed in terms of low-level sensory as well as higher-level arousal-driven changes in stimulus processing.

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Real-Time Feedback Towards Voluntary Pupil Control in Human-Computer Interaction: Enabling Continuous Pupillary Feedback

Cited by 4 publications

References 10 publications

Decision Making and Oddball Effects on Pupil Size: Evidence for a Sequential Process

Decision Making and Oddball Effects on Pupil Size: Evidence for a Sequential Process

The influence of sham feedback on physiological processing during fear-driven stimulation

Increasing pupil size is associated with improved detection performance in the periphery

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