Real-Time Formation Integrity Tests Using Downhole Data

Rezmer-Cooper, Iain; Rambow, Frederick H.K.; Arasteh, M.M.; Hashem, Mohamed; Swanson, B. W.; Gzara, Kais

doi:10.2118/59123-ms

Cited by 13 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Increasing temperature and heating up the formation around the wellbore would be cause the thermal stress increasing which resulted in higher FIP and FPP. The opposite of this process is true, which ultimately leads to a change in the leak-off behavior [31].…”

Section: Temperaturementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, it should be mentioned that fluid compressibility is a function of mud type, and in drilling deep-water wells, mud compressibility correction should be noticed. Furthermore, owing to the path drilling mud passes before reaching BOP, the mud would be cooler than at the drill floor, so its effective density at the moment of entering the BOP would be higher than the amount recorded at the surface [30,31]. Therefore, it is concluded that in case of not considering the mud density changing during designing a LOT, the equivalent mud weight (EMW) would be underestimated at a specific casing shoe.…”

Section: Drilling Fluid Compressibility and Thermal Expansionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The moment a higher-pressure fluid is introduced into the pores of a rock, a temporary rise in the pore pressure of the penetrated area will be witnessed; this in turn will cause a reduction in the formation strength thus explaining the fact behind why penetrating fluids exhibit lower fracture initiation pressures (lower leak-off value will be reached) when compared to non-penetrating fluids [23]. According to the International Association of Drilling Contractors (IADC), Deepwater guidelines report that leak-off pressure difference can be as high as 0.5-0.7 ppg in favor to water-based mud (as cited in Rezmer-Cooper et al, 2000). In addition to the penetrating effect of different types of mud, comes the size of the interconnected pore sizes, better known as the permeability of the rock.…”

Section: Mud Penetration and Permeabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Review of the Leak-off Tests with a Focus on Automation and Digitalization

Bakhshi

Elahifar

Shahrabadi³

et al. 2022

Int. J. Petrol. Technol.

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The drilling and research communities are leading the way toward more digitally-controlled operations to ensure that the drilling process takes place as safely and gently as possible with the lowest possible carbon footprint. Today’s cutting-edge operations are run on large high-performance drilling installations where operations are largely run remotely from the driller’s operating station. Digitalization of the drilling process is the goal for performing drilling operations remotely from onshore. Leak-off test (LOT) or extended leak-off test (XLOT) plays a critical role in the petroleum industry. Therefore, recognizing all affecting parameters on LOT/XLOT and Formation integrity test (FIT) performance is vital. Because, in some cases, it is not possible to fully understand what happened during the test, having a deep insight into the LOT procedure is very important. One of the current study's main objectives is to thoroughly explain all stages of these tests and assemble all the significant parameters. Thus, many scientific papers on these tests were deeply reviewed and were classified into four main groups focusing on the application of LOT/XLOT (i) in stress estimation and geomechanical studies, (ii) concerning hydraulic fracturing, (iii) concerning wellbore stability, and (iv) numerical modeling, and then, the corresponding discussions were conducted. It was found that in-situ stress estimation is the most common application of the leak-off test. Moreover, considering the importance of LOT and the desire to digitize operations in the oil and gas industry, it was found that the automatic LOT/XLOT is a fully required approach. The primary purpose of this study, which is hence considered its main contribution, is to prepare a LOT flowchart that would set off the further code development tasks of the field. The fundamental code of the present study was written and checked using a real dataset in a Python environment. The results were satisfying and indicated a successful start, which lays a foundation for future automated LOT/XLOT tests.

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Section: Temperaturementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Drilling Fluid Compressibility and Thermal Expansionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Mud Penetration and Permeabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Review of the Leak-off Tests with a Focus on Automation and Digitalization

Bakhshi

Elahifar

Shahrabadi³

et al. 2022

Int. J. Petrol. Technol.

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show abstract

“…Accurate leak-off tests (LOT's) and formation-integrity tests (FIT's) are essential to enable efficient management of the equivalent circulating density (ECD) within the safe-pressure window. 2 In conjunction with other drilling parameters, real-time annularpressure measurements detecting gas and water influxes improve rig safety, thereby helping to avoid potentially dangerous well-control problems. These measurements also are used often for early detection of sticking, hanging, or balling stabilizers, bit-problems, cuttings buildup, and improved steering performance.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Use of Resistivity-at-the-Bit Images and Annular Pressure While Drilling in Preventing Drilling Problems

Rezmer-Cooper

Bratton

Krabbe

2001

SPE Drilling &Amp; Completion

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The cost of well construction can exceed budget dramatically if drilling operations are plagued by wellbore-instability problems and excessive time and resources are needed to free stuck pipe, regain circulation, or clean the hole efficiently. Annular pressure while drilling has been recognized recently as one of the key downhole measurements for aiding real-time diagnosis of the condition of the wellbore and drilling fluids. In addition to conventional drilling-mechanics measurements, time-lapse logging-whiledrilling (LWD) documents the dynamic change in measured properties during well construction. This can be essential in diagnosing wellbore failure, and the mechanism of failure, in addition to dynamic processes such as cuttings buildup.An example from a horizontal well in the North Sea is used to illustrate how LWD resistivity images can be used in conjunction with annular-pressure-while-drilling measurements to detect the onset of drilling-induced fractures. Although the majority of azimuthal images have been acquired to understand the geology and petrophysics of reservoirs, the images usually contain features resulting from geomechanical processes.Analysis of these features reveals important information for optimizing drilling and understanding the geomechanics of the well. Coupling resistivity images to the pressure measurement enables problem identification and correct remedial actions to optimize the drilling operation, for example, ensuring that swab and surge pressures are kept to a minimum, and correct hole-cleaning procedures are used to prevent irreversible formation breakdown.

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“…For example, because of shallow water concerns in deepwater wells with narrow stability margins, pressure differences of a few tenths of a lbm/gal can make the difference between extra strings of casing being needed to protect shallow intervals. Accurate leak-off tests (LOTs) / formation integrity tests (FITs) are essential to enable efficient management of the ECD within the safe pressure window [2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Use of Resistivity-at-the-Bit Images and Annular Pressure While Drilling in Preventing Drilling Problems

Rezmer-Cooper

Bratton

Krabbe

2000

IADC/SPE Drilling Conference

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fax 01-972-952-9435. AbstractThe cost of well construction can dramatically exceed budget if the drilling operations are plagued by wellbore instability problems, and excessive time and resources are needed to free stuck pipe, regain circulation, or clean the hole efficiently.Annular pressure while drilling has recently been recognized as one of the key downhole measurements for aiding real-time diagnosis of the condition of the wellbore and the drilling fluids. In addition to conventional drilling mechanics measurements, time-lapse logging-while-drilling (LWD) documents the dynamic change in the measured properties during well construction. This can be essential in diagnosing wellbore failure, and the mechanism of failure, in addition to dynamic processes such as cuttings build-up.An example from a horizontal well in the North Sea is used to illustrate how LWD resistivity images can be used in conjunction with annular pressure while drilling measurements to detect the onset of drilling-induced fractures. Although the majority of azimuthal images have been acquired to understand the geology and petrophysics of reservoirs, the images usually contain features resulting from geomechanical processes.Analysis of these features reveals important information for optimizing drilling and understanding the geomechanics of the well. Coupling the resistivity images to the pressure measurement enables problem identification, and the correct remedial actions to be taken to optimize the drilling operation, for example, ensuring that swab and surge pressures are kept to a minimum, and correct hole cleaning procedures are utilized to prevent irreversible formation breakdown.

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Real-Time Formation Integrity Tests Using Downhole Data

Cited by 13 publications

References 14 publications

Review of the Leak-off Tests with a Focus on Automation and Digitalization

Review of the Leak-off Tests with a Focus on Automation and Digitalization

The Use of Resistivity-at-the-Bit Images and Annular Pressure While Drilling in Preventing Drilling Problems

The Use of Resistivity-at-the-Bit Images and Annular Pressure While Drilling in Preventing Drilling Problems

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