In this paper, we present a reconfigurable hardware architecture and the accompanying application software to perform frequency-diverse target detection. This architecture can be utilized in diverse applications and environments such as real-time ultrasonic testing due to the adaptability of the design. The system design allows for operational level and design level configurability. In addition to the design flow, this paper presents the impact of parameter changes on the detection algorithm performance and FPGA implementation results. The experimental results show that the proposed modular hardware architecture meets real-time operation timing requirements and the algorithm performs robustly.