Real-Time Fracture Mapping from the "Live" Treatment Well

Wright, C.A.; Davis, Eric J.; Ward, J.; Griffin, Lawrence Gene; Fisher, M.K.; Lehman, Lyle; Fulton, Dwight; Podowski, J.; Grieser, William Vincent; Special, J.F.

doi:10.2118/71648-ms

Cited by 15 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…temperature logging (warmback passes) and RA tracing of proppants and/or fluids, for the vertical well, these do have certain limitations. An additional, but little used nowadays, approach would be in-well tiltmeter (Wright, 2001) deployment during the extensive pre-frac injection tests. These tools do not require the availability of offset wellbores and can readily determine that sometimes very elusive fracture characteristic, of downward height growth; this may be a consideration if there is some uncertainty on the stress profile or the potential extent of fracture containment.…”

Section: Vertical Wellmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimising Remote Unconventional Gas Exploration

Rylance

2013

All Days

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Exploration and Appraisal of Unconventional gas, in remote areas, brings with it a variety of challenges; which are not normally encountered in established development areas such as North America. These challenges include, higher cost(s), logistical issues, lack of existing infra-structure, limited well numbers to name but a few. This paper will describe some of the important considerations, technology choices and approaches that can be considered in order to optimise such a remote Exploration and Appraisal programme.There are a number of considerations, selections, choices and decisions to be made for an Exploration and Appraisal programme, which can significantly affect the results and outcome when performed in a remote environment. For example, vertical vs. horizontal wells, lower completion technology, stimulation approaches and data gathering choices. Due to a number of unique conditions in remote locations, the optimum decisions are not always obvious, nor always reflect typical practices in established areas and this paper will describe the rationale behind this and the appropriate considerations for various Drilling and Completion aspects.The author will describe, options, considerations and decision making processes based on experience from recent case histories from a number of world-wide Exploration and Appraisal operations in unconventional gas. The paper will attempt to indicate the relative importance and value associated with these decisions and their impact on the potential success of an Exploration and Appraisal programme.Unconventional gas Exploration and Appraisal programmes can be challenging to progress in established areas; and this can be compounded by several orders of magnitude when operating in a remote environment. The requirements for establishing unconventional resource assessment can be somewhat different to conventional approaches and an Appraisal programme should take this into account. This paper summarises a number of key lessons learned from a worldwide selection of Unconventional operations and distils them into a philosophy that promotes and encourages success. SPE 163987Exploration, Appraisal and Development Long before any Development actually proceeds, the Exploration and Appraisal phase(s) are performed, and it is of course the objectives, deliverables and results of these phases that will be critical in determining whether or not a Development actually proceeds. For the Development of conventional oil and gas, the Exploration phase may consist of as little as one or two wells, depending upon and definition of, the large-scale heterogeneity; confirming the trap, the reservoir conditions and the presence of hydrocarbons. Appraisal is then utilised to perform delineation, confirmation of the resource magnitude and demonstration of single well deliverability prior to the Development phase.Unconventional oil and gas however is a different matter, in part due to small scale heterogeneity, production rate variance and hence the statistical nature of a play. With such resources t...

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Section: Vertical Wellmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimising Remote Unconventional Gas Exploration

Rylance

2013

All Days

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“…The most powerful and precise deformation measuring approach is installation of precision tilt meters Wright, 1998;Wright et al, 2001). These electronic bubble devices developed for geophysical purposes can achieve accuracies of 10 -9 radians in tilt change, equivalent to a 2-3 mm vertical displacement of one end of a rigid, 1 km long bar.…”

Section: Tilt Metersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of Deformation Measurements for Reservoir Managemen

Dusseault

Rothenburg

2002

Oil & Gas Science and Technology - Rev. IFP

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Résumé -Analyse des mesures de déformation pour l'exploitation des réservoirs -Les mesures de déformation peuvent être utilisées pour la gestion de l'exploitation des réservoirs et l'optimisation d'opérations de production et d'injections, si elles peuvent être analysées de façon à donner des informations fiables et cohérentes relatives aux déformations volumiques et de cisaillement. Les déformations peuvent être mesurées à la surface ou en profondeur, en utilisant diverses techniques dont le coût, la précision, la facilité d'exploitation des données, l'étendue de la couverture spatiale peuvent être très différents. Les deux techniques les plus courantes sont la reconnaissance par nivellement laser de précision, et l'installation d'inclinomètres de haute précision. La conception d'un réseau de surveillance adapté à un cas spécifique nécessite une modélisation prédictive utilisant des solutions qui vont de l'intégration spatiale numérique de fonctions de Green simples, à des modèles 3D complets d'éléments finis. L'analyse rigoureuse de la déformation tombe dans deux catégories : l'inversion directe et l'optimisation d'un modèle prédictif à travers un processus de minimisation d'erreur. Trois approches sont examinées : l'inversion directe basée sur une formulation de type « noyau de déformation », une optimisation multiparamétrique d'une fonction source simple pour analyse de fracture hydraulique, et une technique d'optimisation de discontinuités en déplacement, utilisant une population limitée d'éléments de déplacement. L'interprétation ne peut pas être effectuée de façon isolée : d'autres sources d'informations, incluant l'histoire du projet, doivent être intégrées pour tirer le profit maximum de l'analyse des déformations. À l'étape ultime, les résultats sont utilisés pour raffiner les modèles de réservoir couplés (en contraintes et écoulement) qui, à leur tour, deviendront de meilleurs outils de prédiction de déformation et de production d'huile. Abstract -Analysis of Deformation Measurements for Reservoir Management

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“…Fracture diagnostics have drastically improved their capabilities over the last decade [8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17] . They now enable realtime measurements of how fractures actually grow.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…They now enable realtime measurements of how fractures actually grow. The newest technology is treatment well tiltmeter mapping 8 , where an array of downhole tiltmeters is lowered into the actual well being treated to measure fracture height, and in some cases fracture width. Once the model is successfully calibrated, it is used to develop relationships between fracture treatment size, height and length growth.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Applying Advanced Fracture Diagnostics to Optimize Fracture Stimulation in Coalbed Methane Reservoirs: Case History of Two Fields in the Rocky Mountains

Wolhart¹,

Stutz²,

Mayerhofer³

2004

Proceedings of SPE Eastern Regional Meeting

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TX 75083-3836, U.S.A., fax 01-972-952-9435. AbstractCoalbed methane development continues to increase accounting for 8% of U.S. gas production in 2002. Many coalbed methane wells must be stimulated by hydraulic fracturing in order to achieve economic production rates. However, optimizing hydraulic fracture treatments in coalbed methane is difficult and advanced diagnostics can aid in the process. This paper discusses completion optimization for two coalbed methane reservoirs in the Rocky Mountains. Hydraulic fracture mapping was performed with treatment well tiltmeters on several wells in each reservoir. Treatment well tiltmeter fracture mapping is an emerging technology to optimize development of low permeability reservoirs. The fracture height measured with the treatment well tools was used to calibrate a fracture model for each field. The fracture mapping, calibrated model and on-site diagnostics were used to modify completion and stimulation strategy in these fields.The completion strategy for both fields was fairly similar early on. Fracture mapping showed height growth through several coal stringers in both areas. There was some degree of containment in the laminated lithology bounding the pay packages but one field was more prone to height growth at higher pumping rates. Job size and injection rate were drastically reduced in this field because of the height growth tendencies and the presence of nearby water sands. This paper shows how the application of fracture diagnostics and engineering can reduce costs and help avoid costly errors. One example is shown with advanced diagnostics applied early in the development of a field and another example is shown with diagnostics applied after some development has already occurred. The differences in hydraulic fracture geometry that can occur between areas are also shown and how they create changes in completion strategy.

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Real-Time Fracture Mapping from the "Live" Treatment Well

Abstract: TX 75083-3836, U.S.A., fax 01-972-952-9435.

Cited by 15 publications

References 10 publications

Optimising Remote Unconventional Gas Exploration

Optimising Remote Unconventional Gas Exploration

Analysis of Deformation Measurements for Reservoir Managemen

Applying Advanced Fracture Diagnostics to Optimize Fracture Stimulation in Coalbed Methane Reservoirs: Case History of Two Fields in the Rocky Mountains

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