Real-time global Raman imaging and optical manipulation of suspended carbon nanotubes

Kaminska, Kate; Jacques, Laurent; Austing, D. G.; Finnie, Paul

doi:10.1103/physrevb.73.235410

Cited by 37 publications

(54 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…After this, the bubbler was again bypassed, and the reactor purged at the growth temperature, and À nally the sample was cooled to room temperature. À Raman spectra were obtained from a home built Raman spectroscopy/GRI system [2,15]. The setup is illustrated in Fig.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The dynamics of the nucleation, growth and termination of single-walled carbon nanotubes from in situ Raman spectroscopy during chemical vapor deposition

2009

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The dynamics of the chemical vapor deposition (CVD) of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) is extracted experimentally using in situ Raman spectroscopy. Nanotubes are grown using a thin À lm cobalt catalyst and À an ethanol precursor in a miniature hot walled reactor with optical access. Raman spectra at room temperature and at the growth temperature are compared for two growth temperatures. The evolution of the G-band, D-band, and radial breathing mode (RBM) is tracked at the growth temperature with time resolution of a few seconds. There are three identifiable phases in the evolution of the Raman signal intensity: an initial exponential increasing phase, a linear growth phase, and a saturation phase. In situ optical spectroscopy thus enables the study of nucleation, steady growth, and deactivation processes to be investigated separately in real time. The evolution curves for all bands (G, D, and RBM), when scaled, collapse onto the same curve, to within experimental uncertainty.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The dynamics of the nucleation, growth and termination of single-walled carbon nanotubes from in situ Raman spectroscopy during chemical vapor deposition

2009

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“…To better understand growth, nucleation, and termination processes, a considerable effort has been made to investigate the dynamics of nanotube CVD growth in situ. Because Raman spectroscopy is a highly developed characterization tool for nanocarbons that can be adapted for in situ use during nanotube CVD, [1][2][3][4][5][6][7] it is a good approach for obtaining dynamical growth data.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phases of Carbon Nanotube Growth and Population Evolution from in Situ Raman Spectroscopy during Chemical Vapor Deposition

2010

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The dynamical evolution of nanotube chemical vapor deposition growth was investigated by in situ spectroscopy of three main Raman bands: G, D, and RBM. The evolution in diameter distribution is inferred from RBM and G bands, and the evolution in crystallinity is determined from D and G bands. A consistent sequence of the growth evolution is observed, with four discernible phases: incubation, acceleration, linear growth, and termination. The temperature dependence of each of these stages of growth is experimentally determined, and characteristic energy scales apparently associated with each phase are extracted. The growth becomes slower as the temperature increases, with activated, parasitic reactions suggested as a cause. We explore to what extent one diameter grows in comparison to another and thus gain some insight into how the nanotube population changes with time.

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“…In fact, mapping suspended networks of CNTs can be used both to determine the structure of each susSWCNT and to provide the spatial identification of each isolated susSWCNT, as has been previously been demonstrated by others. 26,27 By isolating one of the spectral peaks (in this case, the G-band, since it has the largest intensity), one can spatially raster the areas between the pillars, obtaining a strong peak signal (per pixel) corresponding to each suspended CNT. 27 The relative intensity of the G-band spectral line can also supply information distinguishing metallic and semiconducting nanotubes.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…26,27 By isolating one of the spectral peaks (in this case, the G-band, since it has the largest intensity), one can spatially raster the areas between the pillars, obtaining a strong peak signal (per pixel) corresponding to each suspended CNT. 27 The relative intensity of the G-band spectral line can also supply information distinguishing metallic and semiconducting nanotubes. 22 Parts b and c of Figure 2 display two such mappings, taken with an in-house-built Raman microscope.…”

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confidence: 99%

A Complete Scheme for Creating Predefined Networks of Individual Carbon Nanotubes

et al. 2007

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We describe and demonstrate a method of creating arrays of patterned, individual, single-walled carbon nanotubes, including the spectroscopic mapping of the array. The process consists of creating networks of nanotubes suspended between silicon pillars, which are then transferred onto other substrates by an innovative process of direct stamping. Raman spectroscopy is used to spatially map and assign the specific properties of the suspended network prior to transfer. This method provides a simple and inexpensive means for deriving nanoscale devices utilizing individually assigned carbon nanotubes in a robust and non-surface-specific technique.

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Real-time global Raman imaging and optical manipulation of suspended carbon nanotubes

Cited by 37 publications

References 41 publications

The dynamics of the nucleation, growth and termination of single-walled carbon nanotubes from in situ Raman spectroscopy during chemical vapor deposition

The dynamics of the nucleation, growth and termination of single-walled carbon nanotubes from in situ Raman spectroscopy during chemical vapor deposition

Phases of Carbon Nanotube Growth and Population Evolution from in Situ Raman Spectroscopy during Chemical Vapor Deposition

A Complete Scheme for Creating Predefined Networks of Individual Carbon Nanotubes

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