Real Time Imaging of CO2 Storage Zone by Very Accurate- stable-long Term Seismic Source

Kasahara, Junzo; Ito, Shinji; Fujiwara, Tomohiro; Hasada, Yoko; Tsuruga, Kayoko; Ikuta, Ryoya; Fujii, Naoyuki; Yamaoka, K.; Itō, Kiyoshi; Nishigami, K.

doi:10.1016/j.egypro.2013.06.309

Cited by 20 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…Ikuta et al (2002) and Ikuta and Yamaoka (2004) used it to detect sudden decreases of S-wave velocity associated with the 2000 Western Tottori earthquake (Mw 6.6) and the 2001 Geiyo earthquake (Mw 6.4). Kasahara et al (2013) also used it to detect the delay of P-waves due to the injection of 80-t of air. More recently, Maeda et al (2015) used it to detect the energy decrease of Green's functions associated with eruptive activity at Sakurajima volcano, Japan.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of surface-wave monitoring system for leaked CO2 using a continuous and controlled seismic source

Ikeda

Tsuji

Watanabe

et al. 2016

International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control

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To detect CO 2 leakage from CO 2 geological storage, we describe a seismic monitoring method using a continuous and controlled seismic source system, the Accurately Controlled Routinely Operated Signal System (ACROSS). The method applies surface-wave analysis to monitor the shallow subsurface from the temporal-variation (time-variation) of surface-wave phase velocity. Our numerical simulation study for CO 2 leakage through fault zones indicated that the spatial distribution of leaked CO 2 can be estimated from small temporal-variation of local phase velocities (~1-3 %). To demonstrate the method in a field case, we analyzed continuous seismic records acquired with ACROSS. We clearly extracted a dispersion curve of surface waves in the frequency range excited by the ACROSS (5.015-15.015 Hz). In particular, we obtained reliable estimates of phase velocities in 10-15 Hz frequency range, in which the time-variation of phase velocities was better than 1 % accuracy. This temporal stability was sufficient to allow us to detect changes in phase velocities associated with CO 2 leakage before leaked CO 2 reached the surface.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of surface-wave monitoring system for leaked CO2 using a continuous and controlled seismic source

Ikeda

Tsuji

Watanabe

et al. 2016

International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control

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“…1). Unlike the ACROSS source (Kasahara et al, 2013), which is a rotary vibrator that carefully controls phase stability, our SOV is based on commercial off-the-shelf technology, using rotary vibrator motors common in industry and controlled by variable frequency drives. The choice to not phase-stabilize the SOV sweeps greatly simplifies the control system and results in the SOV cost being a relatively small fraction of the overall acquisition budget.…”

Section: Field Set-upmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, distributed acoustic sensing (DAS) has been increasingly used to overcome the limitations of conventional point receiver arrays that include durability of the equipment, high cost of operations, disruption to local activities and real-estate conflict in boreholes (Parker et al, 2014;Hornman et al, 2015;Mateeva et al, 2016;Hartog, 2017;Correa, 2018). Deployment of surface orbital vibrators (SOVs) as permanent sources (Freifeld et al, 2016) has the potential to enable continuous seismic acquisition with improved data repeatability (Kasahara et al, 2013). Although integration of DAS and SOV for subsurface imaging provided encouraging results (Dou et al, 2016;Freifeld et al, 2016;Yavuz et al, 2019;Cheng et al, 2021), data processing still needs to be optimized to overcome the challenges of this approach (Yavuz et al, 2020).…”

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confidence: 99%

Processing of multi‐well offset vertical seismic profile data acquired with distributed acoustic sensors and surface orbital vibrators: Stage 3 of the CO2CRC Otway Project case study

Yavuz

Isaenkov

Pevzner

et al. 2021

Geophysical Prospecting

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Time-lapse seismic reservoir monitoring is used as a way to gain insight into subsurface processes. Yet, the application of standard 4D technology onshore faces challenges, such as high cost, significant environmental footprint and, consequently, relatively infrequent surveys. As part of the Otway Project Stage 3 CO 2 injection study, continuous automated borehole-based monitoring using distributed acoustic sensing has been paired with permanently deployed surface sources, referred to as surface orbital vibrators, as a way to monitor the spreading CO 2 plume. The injection of 15,000 tonnes of CO 2 in a saline reservoir at a depth of 1550 m is monitored using five boreholes instrumented with enhanced sensitivity fibre optic cables and nine surface orbital vibrators, creating an array of 45 well-source pairs. The data are processed with an offset vertical seismic profiling processing workflow developed to address key challenges of the continuous distributed acoustic sensing acquisition using surface orbital vibrators. The processing flow includes deconvolution with a source sweep recorded by a pilot geophone installed below the surface orbital vibrators. A second deconvolution with a wavelet estimated from direct arrivals compensates for the difference between distributed acoustic sensing measurements and the pilot geophone as well as near-surface variations. Image quality is noted to be best for short offsets and decreases with increasing offsets and well deviations. As surface orbital vibrators generate unique sweeps in two rotation directions, further processing is applied to stack these rotation signals together, which further improves the images. The resulting 2D transects of each well-source pair visually provide good illumination of the subsurface, suggesting continuous monitoring of the spreading CO 2 plume should be possible with some further tuning of the processing workflow for time-lapse repeatability.

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“…Although the ACROSS is technically an active-source system, it continuously generates repeatable seismic signals with a rotating eccentric mass at low cost. The ACROSS has made it possible to identify small changes in seismic properties associated with earthquakes [Ikuta et al, 2002;Ikuta and Yamaoka, 2004], air injection [Kasahara et al, 2013], precipitation [Saiga et al, 2006;Takanashi et al, 2014], and eruptive activities [Maeda et al, 2015]. frost that cannot be caused by CO 2 injection.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Temporal variation of the shallow subsurface at the Aquistore CO₂ storage site associated with environmental influences using a continuous and controlled seismic source

et al. 2017

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The development of reliable systems for monitoring injected CO2 is essential in carbon capture and storage projects. We applied time‐lapse surface wave analysis to measure temporal variations of the shallow subsurface among 11 periods (0.2–21.6 days) of continuous seismic data acquired from 2014 to 2016 at the Aquistore CO2 storage site in Canada. We focused on monitoring environmental influences on shallow seismic velocity, which are unrelated to CO2 injection into deep reservoirs. A continuous, controlled seismic source system called Accurately Controlled Routinely Operated Signal System was used to enhance the temporal resolution and source repeatability. Observed phase velocities were clearly higher in winter than in warmer seasons. The seasonal variation could be reproduced by an increase in the shallow S wave velocity during winter associated with the greater extent of freezing of partially saturated rock. We also observed gradual increases or decreases in phase velocities as the seasons changed, which could be related to gradual freezing or melting of ice. Our monitoring system thus could be effective for monitoring temporal variations of the shallow subsurface associated with the degree of freezing. Furthermore, the high temporal stability of our monitoring approach in warm seasons may make it possible to immediately identify CO2 leakage in the shallow subsurface.

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Real Time Imaging of CO2 Storage Zone by Very Accurate- stable-long Term Seismic Source

Cited by 20 publications

References 3 publications

Development of surface-wave monitoring system for leaked CO2 using a continuous and controlled seismic source

Development of surface-wave monitoring system for leaked CO2 using a continuous and controlled seismic source

Processing of multi‐well offset vertical seismic profile data acquired with distributed acoustic sensors and surface orbital vibrators: Stage 3 of the CO2CRC Otway Project case study

Temporal variation of the shallow subsurface at the Aquistore CO₂ storage site associated with environmental influences using a continuous and controlled seismic source

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Real Time Imaging of CO2 Storage Zone by Very Accurate- stable-long Term Seismic Source

Cited by 20 publications

References 3 publications

Development of surface-wave monitoring system for leaked CO2 using a continuous and controlled seismic source

Development of surface-wave monitoring system for leaked CO2 using a continuous and controlled seismic source

Processing of multi‐well offset vertical seismic profile data acquired with distributed acoustic sensors and surface orbital vibrators: Stage 3 of the CO2CRC Otway Project case study

Temporal variation of the shallow subsurface at the Aquistore CO2 storage site associated with environmental influences using a continuous and controlled seismic source

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Temporal variation of the shallow subsurface at the Aquistore CO₂ storage site associated with environmental influences using a continuous and controlled seismic source