Real-time intraoperative near-infrared autofluorescence imaging to locate the parathyroid glands: A preliminary report

The magic mirror: a novel intraoperative monitoring method for parathyroid glands

“…The data obtained are impressive in a decade of clinical studies of the NIRAF imaging system. The highest parathyroid detection rate was 100% (93,94), the lowest was 78.64% (95), and the rest were over 90% (96, 97). Studies found that certain thicknesses of tissues obscuring the PGs and the pre-anatomical application of the system became the major influencing factors in the inability to detect PGs (66,98).…”

“…The highest parathyroid detection rate was 100% (93,94), the lowest was 78.64% (95), and the rest were over 90% (96, 97). Studies found that certain thicknesses of tissues obscuring the PGs and the pre-anatomical application of the system became the major influencing factors in the inability to detect PGs (66,98). In another instance, the use of the system has led to an obvious decrease in the rate of inadvertent PG resection in all studies where statistical data are available (99, 100).…”

“…Different states of PGs may show different images under the irradiation of the NIRAF imaging system. Parathyroid adenomas demonstrated a heterogeneous NIRAF pattern, with adenoma tissues documented as having significantly less AF than the rim of normal parathyroid tissues in some research (98,104,105). However, not all studies show this difference.…”

“…The results of different pathological types of PGs were confusing and inconclusive. In patients with secondary HPT and parathyroid adenoma, the NIRAF imaging system fails to make a clear distinction ( 98 ). On the contrary, research indicated that the AF intensities of primary HPT were stronger than those of secondary HPT ( 88 ).…”