Real-time magnetic actuation of DNA nanodevices via modular integration with stiff micro-levers

Abstract

DNA nanotechnology has enabled complex nanodevices, but the ability to directly manipulate systems with fast response times remains a key challenge. Current methods of actuation are relatively slow and only direct devices into one or two target configurations. Here we report an approach to control DNA origami assemblies via externally applied magnetic fields using a low-cost platform that enables actuation into many distinct configurations with sub-second response times. The nanodevices in these assemblies are manipulated via mechanically stiff micron-scale lever arms, which rigidly couple movement of a micron size magnetic bead to reconfiguration of the nanodevice while also enabling direct visualization of the conformation. We demonstrate control of three assemblies—a rod, rotor, and hinge—at frequencies up to several Hz and the ability to actuate into many conformations. This level of spatiotemporal control over DNA devices can serve as a foundation for real-time manipulation of molecular and atomic systems.

Create Nanoscale Patterns with DNA Origami

“…Copyright 2018, AAAS; real‐time magnetic actuation of DNA nanodevices via modular integration with stiff microlevers (Right). Reproduced with permission . Copyright 2018, Nature Publishing Group.…”

“…DNA origami‐based dynamic systems expand the dynamic range to ≈100 nm with higher design complexity. The driving force of the dynamic nanomachines usually arises from DNA hybridization, strand displacement, or external stimuli such as electricity, pH, light, magnetic field, etc. For example, Castro and co‐workers reported the construction of complicated and reversible DNA robots by implementing the design principles of macroscopic mechanical machines .…”

Programming Motions of DNA Origami Nanomachines

“…Recently developed DNA nanomachines are mainly powered by the addition and removal of designed single DNA strands, to induce the hybridization and dehybridization between two complementary strands as the driving force . In addition, enzymatic reactions and external applied fields could also provide energy to initiate and maintain the machine motion.…”

“…By introducing molecules responsive to external applied fields to DNA machines, externally applied fields such as electric field, magnetic field and light irradiation can provide energy to power the mechanical motion of DNA nanomachines. Taking advantages of the naturally negatively charged property of DNA molecules, the motion of DNA machine can be actuated and programmed with computer‐controlled switching of the applied electric fields (Figure d) .…”

Periodic Operation of a Dynamic DNA Origami Structure Utilizing the Hydrophilic–Hydrophobic Phase‐Transition of Stimulus‐Sensitive Polypeptides

“…The stimuli and energy sources for the operation of such devices can be quite diverse, for instance, DNA strand displacement processes, binding of biomolecules through aptamers, environmental changes (e.g., changes in salt concentrations or physical stimuli such as temperature), or electric and magnetic fields . In many cases, “switchability” has been introduced by appropriate chemical modifications of the devices.…”