Real time material flow monitoring in mechanical waste processing and the relevance of fluctuations

Curtis, Alexander; Küppers, Bastian; Möllnitz, Selina; Khodier, Karim; Šarc, Renato

doi:10.1016/j.wasman.2020.10.037

Cited by 32 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Automation in waste management for future smart cities requires a technology-based automated and coordinated system to analyze, manage and reprocess/recycle the waste. Sensorbased IoT devices are in use for the same in today's industries [307].…”

Section: Greenmentioning

confidence: 99%

Future smart cities: requirements, emerging technologies, applications, challenges, and future aspects

Javed

Shahzad

Rehman

et al. 2022

Cities

317

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Section: Greenmentioning

confidence: 99%

Future smart cities: requirements, emerging technologies, applications, challenges, and future aspects

Javed

Shahzad

Rehman

et al. 2022

Cities

317

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“…The used spectral range of the sensor was 990 nm to 1678 nm with a spectral resolution of 3.1 nm/band. The used NIR sensor has an on-chip classification engine, which is frequently used in different industrial and research applications (e.g., Curtis et al, 2021;Friedrich et al, 2022;Kleinhans et al, 2022;Kroell et al, 2022a;Küppers et al, 2022;Schlögl and Küppers, 2022). The resulting spatial resolution of the NIR sensors is 1.08 mm/px and 3.50 mm/px for T1 and T2, respectively 2 .…”

Section: Sensormentioning

confidence: 99%

Near-infrared-based determination of mass-based material flow compositions in mechanical recycling of post-consumer plastics: Technical feasibility enables novel applications

Kroell

Chen

Küppers

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Mass-based material flow compositions (MFCOs) are crucial to assess and optimize mechanical plastic recycling processes. While MFCOs are determined by manual sorting analysis today, in the future MFCOs could be determined inline through near-infrared-based material flow characterization. This study aims to quantify the accuracy of near-infrared-based MFCO determinations to assess its technical feasibility. Therefore, binary mixtures of plastic flakes and post-consumer packaging were pixel-based classified at different material flow presentations (MFPs), and mass-based MFCOs were predicted from the resulting false-color data using different data processing techniques. The results show high correlations between near-infrared-based false-color data and mass-based MFCOs. Through regression models and data aggregation it was possible to predict mass-based MFCOs with mean absolute errors of 0.5% and 1.0% and R2´-scores of 99.9% and 99.4% for plastic flakes and packaging, respectively, across all MFPs. The demonstrated technical feasibility thus paves the way for new sensor technology applications in plastic recycling.

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“…Within NEW-MINE, the influence of surface roughness and surface moisture of plastics on NIR sorting was investigated [48], and the findings were used outside NEW-MINE for material flow characterization in sensor-based sorting systems using an instrumented particle [49] and for a study of the influence of material alterations and machine impairment [50]. NEW-MINE learnings on the effects of throughput rate and input composition on sensor-based sorting [51] were subsequently used within the above mentioned ReWaste 4.0 project [47,52].…”

Section: Mechanical Processingmentioning

confidence: 99%

The EU Training Network for Resource Recovery through Enhanced Landfill Mining—A Review

2021

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The “European Union Training Network for Resource Recovery Through Enhanced Landfill Mining (NEW-MINE)” was a European research project conducted between 2016 and 2020 to investigate the exploration of and resource recovery from landfills as well as the processing of the excavated waste and the valorization of the obtained waste fractions using thermochemical processes. This project yielded more than 40 publications ranging from geophysics via mechanical process engineering to ceramics, which have not yet been discussed coherently in a review publication. This article summarizes and links the NEW-MINE publications and discusses their practical applicability in waste management systems. Within the NEW-MINE project in a first step concentrates of specific materials (e.g., metals, combustibles, inert materials) were produced which might be used as secondary raw materials. In a second step, recycled products (e.g., inorganic polymers, functional glass-ceramics) were produced from these concentrates at the lab scale. However, even if secondary raw materials or recycled products could be produced at a large scale, it remains unclear if they can compete with primary raw materials or products from primary raw materials. Given the ambitions of transition towards a more circular economy, economic incentives are required to make secondary raw materials or recycled products from enhanced landfill mining (ELFM) competitive in the market.

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Real time material flow monitoring in mechanical waste processing and the relevance of fluctuations

Cited by 32 publications

References 10 publications

Future smart cities: requirements, emerging technologies, applications, challenges, and future aspects

Future smart cities: requirements, emerging technologies, applications, challenges, and future aspects

Near-infrared-based determination of mass-based material flow compositions in mechanical recycling of post-consumer plastics: Technical feasibility enables novel applications

The EU Training Network for Resource Recovery through Enhanced Landfill Mining—A Review

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