Real-Time Measurement of Moisture Content of Paddy Rice Based on Microstrip Microwave Sensor Assisted by Machine Learning Strategies

Liu, Jin; Qiu, Shanshan; Wei, Zhenbo

doi:10.3390/chemosensors10100376

Cited by 15 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…The water content in rice can affect the quality and selling price in the market [2]. Because the water content in rice affects its quality, a measuring instrument is needed [3] to determine the water content contained therein. Moisture content is the percentage of water content in a material that can be expressed based on wet weight [4] (wet basis) or dry weight (dry ground).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rice Sample Vaporiation Method on Meter Testing Resistive Water Content Based on Ultrasonic Mist

Syahwir,

Dinny,

Ihsan

2023

SPEKTRA

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Percentage moisture content is an important factor in assessing the quality and quantity of agricultural commodities, such as rice. The measurement of moisture content is very important to evaluate the moisture content of rice, which directly affects its quality. However, the measurement of moisture content takes a long time, so it is necessary to have an evaporation method to shorten the time so that the moisture content of the sample is as required. In this study, the method chosen was the evaporation method with ultrasonic mist. The results showed that this ultrasonic fog controller evaporation system successfully increased the moisture content of rice samples according to the criteria needed to be used in resistive-type moisture meter testing. The ultrasonic mist controller evaporation system can increase the water content of rice samples according to the criteria needed for use in resistive-type moisture meter testing, with an average increase of 0.9% within 15 minutes, 3.4% within 30 minutes, and 4.1% within 1 hour.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rice Sample Vaporiation Method on Meter Testing Resistive Water Content Based on Ultrasonic Mist

Syahwir,

Dinny,

Ihsan

2023

SPEKTRA

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“…Contactless and non-destructive testing has recently emerged as an important technology for measuring grain moisture content. However, the thickness of the sample under test significantly impacts the measurements [4,5]. For bulk grain, the thickness of the grain under test can be adjusted by adding a limit structure, but this is difficult to achieve for bagged grain.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Embedded Yolo-Fastest V2-Based 3D Reconstruction and Size Prediction of Grain Silo-Bag

Guo,

Mao,

Dai

et al. 2023

Remote Sensing

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Contactless and non-destructive measuring tools can facilitate the moisture monitoring of bagged or bulk grain during transportation and storage. However, accurate target recognition and size prediction always impede the effectiveness of contactless monitoring in actual use. This paper developed a novel 3D reconstruction method upon multi-angle point clouds using a binocular depth camera and a proper Yolo-based neural model to resolve the problem. With this method, this paper developed an embedded and low-cost monitoring system for the in-warehouse grain bags, which predicted targets’ 3D size and boosted contactless grain moisture measuring. Identifying and extracting the object of interest from the complex background was challenging in size prediction of the grain silo-bag on a conveyor. This study first evaluated a series of Yolo-based neural network models and explored the most appropriate neural network structure for accurately extracting the grain bag. In point-cloud processing, this study constructed a rotation matrix to fuse multi-angle point clouds to generate a complete one. This study deployed all the above methods on a Raspberry Pi-embedded board to perform the grain bag’s 3D reconstruction and size prediction. For experimental validation, this study built the 3D reconstruction platform and tested grain bags’ reconstruction performance. First, this study determined the appropriate positions (−60°, 0°, 60°) with the least positions and high reconstruction quality. Then, this study validated the efficacy of the embedded system by evaluating its speed and accuracy and comparing it to the original Torch model. Results demonstrated that the NCNN-accelerated model significantly enhanced the average processing speed, nearly 30 times faster than the Torch model. The proposed system predicted the objects’ length, width, and height, achieving accuracies of 97.76%, 97.02%, and 96.81%, respectively. The maximum residual value was less than 9 mm. And all the root mean square errors were less than 7 mm. In the future, the system will mount three depth cameras for achieving real-time size prediction and introduce a contactless measuring tool to finalize grain moisture detection.

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“…The microstrip antenna is used to measure the moisture content of paddy in real time, which operates in the frequency band from 3 GHz, and can measure humidity 13.6-27.02%wb. with minimum humidity error 0.17% [25]. A slotcoupled microstrip antenna was used in conjunction with a Partially Reflecting Surface (PRS) 11 × 11 geometry EBG with the size of 6.6 × 6.6 cm 2 operating in a frequency range from 9-11 GHz had an average gain of 3.7 dB [26].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cantenna Adjustment with 1x6 Woodpile Shaped EBG for Application in Goat Manure Moisture Content and Bulk Density Monitoring

Naktong¹,

Prapakarn²,

Prapakarn³

et al. 2022

PIER C

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This study aimed to investigate the structural design of a cantenna with Woodpile shaped electromagnetic band gap (EBG) for gain enhancement and to increase the efficiency of signal transmission for measuring the moisture content and the bulk density of goat manure, which can help farmers reduce the cost of buying chemical fertilizers. From the test of operating frequency ranges from 2 to 3 GHz, it was found that the frequency band that responds to humidity the best is 2.60 GHz, increasing the efficiency of the gain with the 6 × 6 cm 2 Woodpile shaped EBG. It was arranged in transverse electric (TE) and placed parallel to the end of the cantenna. This allows the gain to be increased to 9.31 dBi, in which the cantenna structure without EBG has the gain of 7.32 dBi. When the cantenna is used to determine the moisture content (MC) and bulk density, the transmission distance between the cantenna Tx/Rx is 3 cm with an average power rating of 0.0001-0.5 mW. This cantenna can measure humidity in the unit of wet basis (wb.) as low as 0.14%wb., at an average power of 0.5 mW.

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Real-Time Measurement of Moisture Content of Paddy Rice Based on Microstrip Microwave Sensor Assisted by Machine Learning Strategies

Cited by 15 publications

References 24 publications

Rice Sample Vaporiation Method on Meter Testing Resistive Water Content Based on Ultrasonic Mist

Rice Sample Vaporiation Method on Meter Testing Resistive Water Content Based on Ultrasonic Mist

Embedded Yolo-Fastest V2-Based 3D Reconstruction and Size Prediction of Grain Silo-Bag

Cantenna Adjustment with 1x6 Woodpile Shaped EBG for Application in Goat Manure Moisture Content and Bulk Density Monitoring

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