Real Time Measurement of Volatile and Solid Exhaust Particles Using a Catalytic Stripper

Abdul-Khalek, Imad S.; Kittelson, David B.

doi:10.4271/950236

Cited by 102 publications

(60 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…As described above, nuclei mode particles, at light engine load with regular diesel fuel, are formed during dilution and consist mainly of volatile organics. Other investigators have separated volatile materials from diesel particles by employing either a thermal denuder (Burtscher et al 2001), an active carbon trap (Mayer et al 1996) or a catalytic stripper (Abdul- Khalek and Kittelson 1995;Ng 2002). The thermal denuder and the active carbon trap remove the volatiles by evaporation/adsorption while the catalytic stripper removes volatiles by evaporation/oxidation.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The thermal denuder and the active carbon trap remove the volatiles by evaporation/adsorption while the catalytic stripper removes volatiles by evaporation/oxidation. Undoped diesel particles from 10% engine load at 1400 RPM were sent to the catalytic stripper in previous studies (Abdul -Khalek and Kittelson 1995;Abdul-Khalek et al 1998;Ng 2002;Stenitzer 2003). Most of the volatile organics and nuclei mode particles were completely removed, although Abdul- Khalek et al (1998) found some residue (which was ash core) in the nuclei mode.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Measurement of Electrical Charge on Diesel Particles

Jung

Kittelson

2005

Aerosol Science and Technology

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Nanoparticles (D p < 50 nm), which are formed as diesel engine exhaust cools and dilutes, constitute minority of total particle mass but majority of total particle number. There are several different theories to explain the nucleation of nanoparticles from diesel exhaust. The two main theories are homogeneous binary nucleation of sulfuric acid and water, and ion-induced nucleation. This study examined the ion-induced nucleation theory. In order to test the ionic nucleation theory, the charged fraction of the diesel particles were measured as a function of particle size using regular diesel fuel in this study. A very small amount of charge was found for the diesel nanoparticles in the nuclei mode, whereas there was a large charged fraction for the diesel particles in the accumulation mode. If ion-induced nucleation were the dominant mechanism for the nucleation of nanoparticles from diesel exhaust, one would expect a significant charge on the nuclei mode particles. The results from this study suggest that ion-induced binary nucleation is at least not a dominant mechanism for the nucleation of diesel exhaust when using regular diesel fuel.This study also examined the influence of metal additives on nucleation and particle charging. The metal additives examined are of the type used to enhance particle oxidation in diesel particulate filters. When used, the additives led to a large increase in the concentration of solid particles in the nuclei mode, and significantly raised the level of particle charge for particles of all sizes. When additives were used, some of the solid particles in the nuclei mode carried a charge. We believe that these metal related particles form early enough in the combustion process to be charged by ions present during and shortly after combustion.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measurement of Electrical Charge on Diesel Particles

Jung

Kittelson

2005

Aerosol Science and Technology

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“…DPM follows a lognormal, trimodal size distribution with the concentration in any size range being proportional to the area under the corresponding curve in that range [10][11][12][13][14][15]. Nuclei-mode particles range in diameter from 0.005 to 0.05 µm (5-50 nm).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Nuclei-mode particles range in diameter from 0.005 to 0.05 µm (5-50 nm). Based on physical arguments, they are believed to consist of metallic compounds, elemental carbon and semi-volatile organic and sulfur compounds that form particles during exhaust dilution and cooling [13,14,15]. The nuclei mode typically contains 1-20 % of the particle mass and more than 90 % of the particle number.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diesel Aerosol Sampling in the Atmosphere

Kittelson

Johnson

Watts

et al. 2000

SAE Technical Paper Series

184

160

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The University of Minnesota Center for Diesel Research along with a research team including Caterpillar, Cummins, Carnegie Mellon University, West Virginia University (WVU), Paul Scherrer Institute in Switzerland, and Tampere University in Finland have performed measurements of Diesel exhaust particle size distributions under real-world dilution conditions. A mobile aerosol emission laboratory (MEL) equipped to measure particle size distributions, number concentrations, surface area concentrations, particle bound PAHs, as well as CO 2 and NO x concentrations in real time was built and will be described. The MEL was used to follow two different Cummins powered tractors, one with an older engine (L10) and one with a state-of-the-art engine (ISM), on rural highways and measure particles in their exhaust plumes. This paper will describe the goals and objectives of the study and will describe representative particle size distributions observed in roadway experiments with the truck powered by the ISM engine.

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“…Haiwen Song PhD thesis, Brunel University, UK, 2003 is any material collected on a filter paper placed in the diluted engine exhaust stream that is cooled and diluted below 52°C [Abdul-Khalek and Kittelson, 1995].…”

Section: Outline Of the Thesismentioning

confidence: 99%