Real-time monitoring for fast deformations using GNSS low-cost receivers

Abstract

Landslides are one of the major geo-hazards which have constantly affected Italy especially over the last few years. In fact 82% of the Italian territory is affected by this phenomenon which destroys the environment and often causes deaths: therefore it is necessary to monitor these effects in order to detect and prevent these risks. Nowadays, most of this type of monitoring is carried out by using traditional topographic instruments (e.g. total stations) or satellite techniques such as global navigation satellite system (GNSS) receivers. The level of accuracy obtainable with these instruments is sub-centimetrical in post-processing and centimetrical in realtime; however, the costs are very high (many thousands of euros). The rapid diffusion of GNSS networks has led to an increase of using mass-market receivers for real-time positioning. In this paper, the performances of GNSS mass-market receiver are reported with the aim of verifying if this type of sensor can be used for real-time landslide monitoring: for this purpose a special slide was used for simulating a landslide, since it enabled us to give manual displacements thanks to a micrometre screw. These experiments were also carried out by considering a specific statistical test (a modified Chow test) which enabled us to understand if there were any displacements from a statistical point of view in real time. The tests, the algorithm and results are reported in this paper.

Landslide Deformation Monitoring by Three-Camera Imaging System

“…Many literatures that related to landslide deformation monitoring can be categorize into image-based or sensor-based methods. The most popular way of in-situ sensors are continuous GNSS observation and real-time positioning (Wang, 2013;Bellone et al, 2016;Sanlioglu et al, 2016;Mirzaee et al, 2017), geoelectrics, inclinometer, soil moisture, soil temperature (Lindner et al, 2016), and extensometer (Corominas et al, 2000), etc. The above-mentioned methods are majorly point-based measurement.…”

Network real-time kinematic data screening by means of multivariate statistical analysis

“…For instance, Baarda [4] developed a test procedure for use in geodetic networks, which has been used to check data against outlying observations in many different applications, for instance the analysis of the deformation problem in geodesy [5]. An elegant method for data quality check for deformation monitoring can be found in [6,7]. The DIA procedure [8] can be applied to any set of GNSS observation equations, such as GPS quality control [9], geodetic networks [10] or integrated navigation system [10].…”

Annual crustal deformation based on GNSS observations between 1996 and 2016

“…To date, satellite techniques are equated with the term 'GPS'; currently, the term 'GNSS' is more appropriate due to the availability of three additional GNSS systems: the Russian global navigation satellite system (GLONASS), the European Galileo and the Chinese BeiDou. The main research with GNSS solutions' usage is earthquake effects (Levin et al 2010;Rogozhin 2011;Zhang et al 2014), crustal deformations (Cho and Kuwahara 2013;Bhu et al 2014;Trofimenko and Bykov 2014;Bellone et al 2016), tectonic plate activity (Hammond 2005;Uzel et al 2013), velocity estimation (Kulachi 2000;Pospíšil et al 2012), water vapour (Priego et al 2016), volcanic activity (Miller et al 2003;Caliro et al 2004) and landslides (Kadirov et al 2014;Komac et al 2015;Capilla et al 2016). The availability of a large number of permanent GNSS stations-such as the IGS (International GNSS Service), EPN (EUREF Permanent GNSS Network) and many other local network satellite solutions-increases the accuracy of classical geodetic techniques such as tachometry or levelling in relation to reducing cost and measurement results.…”