Real time monitoring of chemical transformations during catalytic reduction using gas source mass spectrometry: carbon/zinc carbonate hydroxide

In situ vacuum thermal mass spectroscopy for the selection of an environmentally friendly, energy saving catalytic additive and optimization of the process by a novel ignition mechanism

“…In earlier work, our research was focused on the understanding of the role played by the catalyst (NiO) during the carbothermic reduction of ZnO. 3 The experiments carried out gave evidence that the NiO acts as promoter for the carbothermic reduction reaction by releasing CO at a lower temperature (NiO + C A CO + Ni) which initiates the cycle of reduction (CO + ZnO A Zn + CO 2 ; CO 2 + C A 2 CO). 3 However, NiO is potentially harmful to humans (EU classified to be carcinogenic Category 1).…”

“…3 The experiments carried out gave evidence that the NiO acts as promoter for the carbothermic reduction reaction by releasing CO at a lower temperature (NiO + C A CO + Ni) which initiates the cycle of reduction (CO + ZnO A Zn + CO 2 ; CO 2 + C A 2 CO). 3 However, NiO is potentially harmful to humans (EU classified to be carcinogenic Category 1). Based on these findings the catalytic additive selection was focussed on a non-carcinogen and more energy efficient compound than NiO.…”