Real-time monitoring of TATP released from PDMS-based canine training aids versus bulk TATP using DART-MS

Simon, Alison G.; Arsdale, Kelly Van; Barrow, Jason A.; Wagner, Jarrad R.

doi:10.1016/j.forc.2021.100315

Cited by 16 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…While odor permeation and dissipation are beneficial in training, it should be minimized during training aid storage to help maintain canine training aid integrity. Simon et al [7] tested the efficacy of a limited number of storage materials for triacetone triperoxide odor. The study determined that a 2 oz tin used to hold the odor matrix was not effective at containing the odor when closed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The current study evaluated various primary or inner containment systems for their efficacy in preventing odor permeation using the triacetone triperoxide (TATP) polymer odor capture-and-release (POCR) training aid as an example. The TATP POCR was chosen because it is a non-hazardous training aid with several published studies supporting its efficacy [7,[11][12][13][14]. TATP has a high-vapor pressure relative to other explosives and is therefore easily measured using the dynamic detection system direct analysis in real-time mass spectrometry (DART-MS) [12,14,15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Toward maintaining canine training aid integrity: Visualizing contamination and testing storage materials for a non‐hazardous canine training aid

Gauthier

Riley

Simon

2023

Journal of Forensic Sciences

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Contamination of canine training aids is a pervasive issue that may lead to incorrect canine discrimination of target odors. It is therefore important to properly store training materials to maintain their integrity and efficiency. First, this study demonstrated the potential for contamination using GloGerm™ as a proxy for odor/particulate transfer. Then, eight types of containers were evaluated to determine (1) the ability to prevent odor permeation and (2) the likelihood of maintaining the ab/adsorbed odor. Lastly, a longitudinal study evaluated how the permeation of the target odor changed over time. Analysis occurred using a direct analysis in real‐time mass spectrometer (DART‐MS) to detect triacetone triperoxide (TATP) from the non‐hazardous canine training aid known as the polymer odor capture‐and‐release (POCR) system. Results showed that Mylar and Opsak bags were most effective for short‐term storage, maintaining low levels of ab/adsorption. Over time, the amount of TATP permeating through the primary containers and collecting in a secondary container (i.e., outer packaging) increased at 1 week and decreased thereafter (up to 4 months). The amount of TATP collecting in the primary containers, however, increased up to 1 month and decreased thereafter.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toward maintaining canine training aid integrity: Visualizing contamination and testing storage materials for a non‐hazardous canine training aid

Gauthier

Riley

Simon

2023

Journal of Forensic Sciences

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“…analysed TNT, RDX, PETN and NG (nitroglycerin) using HCD, a plasma‐based technique suitable for the simultaneous detection and quantification of multiple explosives, 72 in addition to ultrasonic cutter blade coupled with DBD for the analysis of explosives and drugs 73 . DART‐MS has been used by multiple groups for explosives detection, including in the evaluation of TATP released from training aids for explosive detection canines, 74 and coupled with infrared thermal desorption for the analysis of black powders and black powder substitutes 75 . PSI has been applied to the analysis of peroxide explosives in biological matrices, highlighting the potential for AIMS to be used to demonstrate exposure to explosive materials in the body 76 .…”

Section: Applications Of Ambient Ionization Mass Spectrometrymentioning

confidence: 99%

Applications of ambient ionization mass spectrometry in 2021: An annual review

Rankin‐Turner

Reynolds

Turner

et al. 2022

Analytical Science Advances

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Ambient ionization mass spectrometry (AIMS) has revolutionized the field of analytical chemistry, enabling the rapid, direct analysis of samples in their native state. Since the inception of AIMS almost 20 years ago, the analytical community has driven the further development of this suite of techniques, motivated by the plentiful advantages offered in addition to traditional mass spectrometry. Workflows can be simplified through the elimination of sample preparation, analysis times can be significantly reduced and analysis remote from the traditional laboratory space has become a real possibility. As such, the interest in AIMS has rapidly spread through analytical communities worldwide, and AIMS techniques are increasingly being integrated with standard laboratory operations. This annual review covers applications of AIMS techniques throughout 2021, with a specific focus on AIMS applications in a number of key fields of research including disease diagnostics, forensics and security, food safety testing and environmental sciences. While some new techniques are introduced, the focus in AIMS research is increasingly shifting from the development of novel techniques toward efforts to improve existing AIMS techniques, particularly in terms of reproducibility, quantification and ease-of-use.

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“…A polymer odor capture and release (POCR) canine training aid [12,13] was placed inside of a Mylar bag (Uline), often used as primary containment in canine training kits. Powdered GloGerm™ (40-45 mg) was added and the bag was gently agitated for approximately 10 s. Using clean gloves (see Materials and Methods), a single researcher removed the POCR from the Mylar bag with their right hand.…”

Section: Visualization With Glogerm™mentioning

confidence: 99%

Permeation of human scent through laboratory examination gloves

Gauthier

Riley

Simon

2022

Journal of Forensic Sciences

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It is generally accepted in the canine detection industry that a barrier (such as a glove) should be used between a human and evidence or canine training aids in order to prevent contamination and cross‐contamination as well as protect the handler from hazardous materials. However, no studies exist evaluating this assumption. Further, there is no published literature examining the different types of gloves for their utility in handling evidence or training materials used in canine detection work. This study was the first of its kind to address these gaps in the literature. First, GloGerm™ was used as a proxy for human scent and odor(s)/particulate(s) to visualize potential contamination. Then, three types of gloves (nitrile, two layers of nitrile, latex, and polyethylene) were tested for the permeation of human scent using furfural as a proof of concept, followed by pooled human sweat. Finally, the inherent odor of each glove type was identified. Two analytical techniques were used simultaneously as static and standoff dynamic detection systems, respectively: solid‐phase microextraction–gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (SPME–GC–MS) and direct analysis in real time‐mass spectrometry (DART‐MS). Using a double layer of nitrile gloves was the most effective in preventing furfural permeation from the analytical standard, while a single layer of nitrile prevented furfural from permeating from human sweat up to 2 h. Polyethylene gloves allowed the highest amount of furfural permeation but had no inherent odor detected. Headspace analysis detected two compounds for nitrile gloves and four compounds for latex gloves, but the nitrile compounds had a higher relative abundance.

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Real-time monitoring of TATP released from PDMS-based canine training aids versus bulk TATP using DART-MS

Cited by 16 publications

References 26 publications

Toward maintaining canine training aid integrity: Visualizing contamination and testing storage materials for a non‐hazardous canine training aid

Toward maintaining canine training aid integrity: Visualizing contamination and testing storage materials for a non‐hazardous canine training aid

Applications of ambient ionization mass spectrometry in 2021: An annual review

Permeation of human scent through laboratory examination gloves

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