Real-time on-chip supply voltage sensor and its application to trace-based timing error localization

Ueno, Miho; Hashimoto, Masanori; Onoye, Takao

doi:10.1109/iolts.2015.7229857

Cited by 9 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…To explain this phenomenon, we investigate the Zynq response to transient voltage fluctuations. When a sudden voltage drop occurs within the chip (eg: update of the AES state register), the parasitic capacitive and inductive elements forming the PDN resonate and the voltage level temporarily oscillates until finally reaching its steadystate value [20,17]. The damped oscillation induced by the 10th round update of the AES state register can be seen in temporal correlation results depicted in figure 7.b (f aes = 50 MHz).…”

Section: Ro-based Sensor Cpa Resultsmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…The TDC-based sensor illustrated in figure 3.a converts timing variations induced by power supply fluctuations into digital information. Thanks to a low-cost design and a finegrained resolution TDC-based sensors are commonly adopted as on-chip temperature and voltage sensors for operating control [19,20] as well as glitch attack detection [11,21]. More recently, with the arising of FPGA cloud services, some researchers started to use it to perform power side-channel attacks [6,7].…”

Section: Delay Sensors: Time-to-digital Convertermentioning

confidence: 99%

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High-Speed Ring Oscillator based Sensors for Remote Side-Channel Attacks on FPGAs

Gravellier

Dutertre

Téglia

et al. 2019

2019 International Conference on ReConFigurable Computing and FPGAs (ReConFig)

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FPGAs have been widely adopted in cloud datacenters and System-on-Chip for hardware acceleration purposes during the past few years. For flexibility and efficiency reasons, cloud FPGA fabrics are likely to be shared between multiple users. Despite the logical isolation suggested to protect each tenant, multiuser FPGA environment raises crucial questions about the potential security threats that it may represent. Recently, a series of papers demonstrated that a malicious user could be able to use its rented logic to perform remote sidechannel and fault attacks on other user assets located inside the fabric or in the surrounding chips. In this paper, we present a novel implementation method for ring oscillator based voltage sensors that enables runtime supply voltage fluctuation measurement. Considering a multiuser FPGA cloud scenario, we evaluate our sensor performances for side-channel purposes by performing CPA attacks against a hardware AES module instantiated within the same FPGA fabric. Then, we compare our results with existing voltage sensors and also demonstrate that, when calibrated, our sensors can provide results similar to traditional electromagnetic side-channel setups.

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Section: Ro-based Sensor Cpa Resultsmentioning

confidence: 95%

Section: Delay Sensors: Time-to-digital Convertermentioning

confidence: 99%

High-Speed Ring Oscillator based Sensors for Remote Side-Channel Attacks on FPGAs

Gravellier

Dutertre

Téglia

et al. 2019

2019 International Conference on ReConFigurable Computing and FPGAs (ReConFig)

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…TDC-based sensor converts propagation delay variations induced by power supply fluctuations into digital information. Thanks to a low-cost design and a fine-grained resolution it is commonly adopted as on-chip temperature or voltage sensor: for operating control of the chip [20] as well as glitch attack detection [21]. More recently, with the rise of FPGA cloud services, some researchers started to use it to perform power side-channel attacks [8,19].…”

Section: Side-channel Sensorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Remote Side-Channel Attacks on Heterogeneous SoC

Gravellier

Dutertre

Téglia

et al. 2020

Lecture Notes in Computer Science

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Thanks to their performance and flexibility, FPGAs are increasingly adopted for hardware acceleration on various platforms such as system on chip and cloud datacenters. Their use for commercial and industrial purposes raises concern about potential hardware security threats. By getting access to the FPGA fabric, an attacker could implement malicious logic to perform remote hardware attacks. Recently, several papers demonstrated that FPGA can be used to eavesdrop or disturb the activity of resources located within and outside the chip. In a complex SoC that contains a processor and a FPGA within the same die, we experimentally demonstrate that FPGA-based voltage sensors can eavesdrop computations running on the CPU and that advanced side-channel attacks can be conducted remotely to retrieve the secret key of a symmetric crypto-algorithm.

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“…The resolution of the measurement instrument is a critical consideration for a high-accurate measurement for the circuit, our experimental setup can provide a high-resolution thanks to its resolution of up to 100 uV per division. Noise reduction is another critical consideration in the field of measurement [ 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 ]. A clean target signal without significant noise interference can improve the measurement, thereby obtaining a reliable evaluation on the circuit.…”

Section: A Measurement-verified Perceptron Chipmentioning

confidence: 99%

Implementation of Analog Perceptron as an Essential Element of Configurable Neural Networks

Geng

Sun

Nakatake

2020

Sensors

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Perceptron is an essential element in neural network (NN)-based machine learning, however, the effectiveness of various implementations by circuits is rarely demonstrated from chip testing. This paper presents the measured silicon results for the analog perceptron circuits fabricated in a 0.6 μm/±2.5 V complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) process, which are comprised of digital-to-analog converter (DAC)-based multipliers and phase shifters. The results from the measurement convinces us that our implementation attains the correct function and good performance. Furthermore, we propose the multi-layer perceptron (MLP) by utilizing analog perceptron where the structure and neurons as well as weights can be flexibly configured. The example given is to design a 2-3-4 MLP circuit with rectified linear unit (ReLU) activation, which consists of 2 input neurons, 3 hidden neurons, and 4 output neurons. Its experimental case shows that the simulated performance achieves a power dissipation of 200 mW, a range of working frequency from 0 to 1 MHz, and an error ratio within 12.7%. Finally, to demonstrate the feasibility and effectiveness of our analog perceptron for configuring a MLP, seven more analog-based MLPs designed with the same approach are used to analyze the simulation results with respect to various specifications, in which two cases are used to compare to their digital counterparts with the same structures.

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Real-time on-chip supply voltage sensor and its application to trace-based timing error localization

Cited by 9 publications

References 24 publications

High-Speed Ring Oscillator based Sensors for Remote Side-Channel Attacks on FPGAs

High-Speed Ring Oscillator based Sensors for Remote Side-Channel Attacks on FPGAs

Remote Side-Channel Attacks on Heterogeneous SoC

Implementation of Analog Perceptron as an Essential Element of Configurable Neural Networks

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