Real-time PCR diagnosis of Plasmodium vivax among blood donors

Batista-dos-Santos, Sérgio Antônio; Raiol, Milene; Santos, Sidney Emanuel Batista dos; Cunha, Mariana; Ribeiro-dos-Santos, Ândrea

doi:10.1186/1475-2875-11-345

Cited by 19 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 28 publications

(57 reference statements)

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“…This finding is concordant with previous results from Yemen and other countries (Sintasath et al, 2005;Al-Taiar et al, 2006;Bin Mohanna et al, 2007). This pattern may be the result of professional activities that foster individual exposure to the mosquito vector (Batista-dos-Santos et al, 2012). Also the bias of malaria infection to younger age group could be explained by the fact that protection against malaria may be acquired with age due to repeated exposure in endemic areas (Carneiro et al, 2010).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of Malaria in Healthy Blood Donors using PCR in an Endemic Area in Yemen

Othman¹

2015

J. Adv. Parasitol.

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The transmission of malaria by blood transfusion is one of the most important problems when selecting blood donors in transfusion centres particularly in endemic areas. Traditionally, malaria diagnosis has been made using thick blood smears, but more sensitive techniques are required especially in blood donor screening. The present study aimed at evaluating the diagnostic performance of nested PCR for detection of malaria parasites in healthy blood donors compared with light microscopy. Two hundred blood samples were collected randomly from healthy blood donors presented to the blood bank at the Almukalla Hospital, Hadramout Governorate, Yemen. Light microscopic examination of thin and thick blood smears and nested PCR were performed on the blood samples. Out of the 200 blood samples,148 were taken from males (74%) and 52 from females (26%), with an average age of 29.8+8.4. Twenty-eight out of the 200 samples (14%) were detected positive for Plasmodium by light microscopy, 2 (1%) of them were identified as Plasmodium vivax and 26 (13%) as Plasmodium falciparum. Thirty-three out of the 200 samples (16.5%) were detected positive by nested PCR, which were all identified as Plasmodium falciparum including 5 samples detected negative by light microscopy. It was concluded that nested PCR is the most appropriate method for population-based screening of blood donors for malaria parasites. It enabled the identification of P. falciparum in a considerable proportion of clinically healthy donors, highlighting the potential risk for transfusion-transmitted malaria. This tool can be adopted for the screening of malaria in haemotherapy centres, especially in malaria-endemic areas.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of Malaria in Healthy Blood Donors using PCR in an Endemic Area in Yemen

Othman¹

2015

J. Adv. Parasitol.

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“…However, the first case of accidental transmission of malaria by blood transfusion was described in 1911 [18]. Worldwide, around 3,000 cases of TTM were reported between 1950 and 1980.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This technique is considered the most effective and inexpensive for the diagnosis of malaria [18]. Its sensitivity varies depending on the expertise of the microscopist.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

What is the best strategy for the prevention of transfusion-transmitted malaria in sub-Saharan African countries where malaria is endemic?

Nansseu

Noubiap²,

Ndoula³

et al. 2013

Malar J

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The transmission of malaria by blood transfusion was one of the first recorded incidents of transfusion-transmitted infections (TTIs). Although the World Health Organization (WHO) recommends that blood for transfusion should be screened for TTIs, malaria screening is not performed in most malaria-endemic countries in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). The transfusion of infected red blood cells may lead to severe post-transfusion clinical manifestations of malaria, which could be rapidly fatal. Ensuring that blood supply in endemic countries is free from malaria is highly problematical, as most of the donors may potentially harbour low levels of malaria parasites. Pre-transfusion screening within endemic settings has been identified as a cost-effective option for prevention of transfusion-transmitted malaria (TTM). But currently, there is no screening method that is practical, affordable and suitably sensitive for use by blood banks in SSA. Even if this method was available, rejection of malaria-positive donors would considerably jeopardize the blood supply and increase morbidity and mortality, especially among pregnant women and children who top the scale of blood transfusion users in SSA. In this context, the systematic prophylaxis of recipients with anti-malarials could constitute a good alternative, as it prevents any deferral of donor units as well as the occurrence of TTM. With the on-going programme, namely the Affordable Medicine Facility - Malaria, there is an increase in the availability of low-priced artemisinin-based combination therapy that can be used for systematic prophylaxis. It appears nonetheless an urgent need to conduct cost-benefit studies in order to evaluate each of the TTM preventive methods. This approach could permit the design and implementation of an evidence-based measure of TTM prevention in SSA, advocating thereby its widespread use in the region.

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“…Os dois métodos de diagnóstico usados rotineiramente são a microscopia ótica e testes de diagnóstico rápido, sendo que estes últimos detetam antigénios ou enzimas específicos do parasita 1 . Mais recentemente, surgiram métodos baseados na reação em cadeia da polimerase (PCR), que são muito mais sensíveis, mas que, apesar disso, não são considerados métodos de diagnóstico de rotina 5 .…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

Malária grave secundária a co-infecção por Plasmodium falciparum e Plasmodium ovale

Ribeiro¹,

Oliveirã²,

Melo³

et al. 2013

Gal. Clin.

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ResumenA malária é causada pela infeção por protozoários do género Plasmodium, sendo uma importante causa de doença, especialmente em países tropicais. O diagnóstico de malária é baseado na suspeita clínica e na deteção dos parasitas no sangue. O P. falciparum é a espécie que causa maior morbilidade e mortalidade. O efeito da co-infeção por múltiplas espécies sobre a evolução clínica não é certo. Se os doentes não forem tratados eficazmente na fase inicial, a doença pode evoluir para malária grave, cujas manifestações mais comuns no adulto são coma, acidose metabólica, insuficiência renal, icterícia grave, lesão pulmonar aguda e ARDS. A malária grave apresenta uma taxa de mortalidade alta, mesmo com tratamento adequado. Apresentamos o caso de um doente com malária grave, secundária a co-infecção pelo P. falciparum e P. ovale, com disfunção multiorgânica, que evoluiu favoravelmente após internamento na Unidade de Cuidados Intensivos. AbstractMalaria is caused by infection by protozoa of the genus Plasmodium, and is a major cause of disease, especially in tropical areas. The diagnosis of malaria is based on clinical suspicion and detection of the parasites in the blood. Plasmodium falciparum is the species that causes most morbidity and mortality. The effect of multiple species co-infection on clinical outcomes of malaria is uncertain. If patients are not effectively treated in the early stages, the disease may progress to severe malaria, whose most common manifestations in adults are coma, metabolic acidosis, renal failure, severe jaundice, acute lung injury and ARDS. Severe malaria has a high mortality, even with appropriate treatment. We present a patient with severe malaria, secondary to co-infection by P. falciparum and P. ovale, with multiorgan dysfunction, which dramatically improved after admission to the Intensive Care Unit.Keywords: Malaria. Plasmodium falciparum. Plasmodium ovale. Severe sepsis. Intensive Care Unit. IntroduçãoA malária é uma importante causa de doença, especialmente em países tropicais. É causada pela infeção por protozoários do género Plasmodium, inoculados pela fêmea do mosquito Anopheles. As quatro espécies que infetam os seres humanos são o P. falciparum, o P. vivax, o P. ovale e o P. malariae, sendo que começam a surgir também infeções com o parasita da "malária macaco", P. knowlesi 1 .Na sequência da picada de mosquitos infetados, os esporozoítos entram nos capilares e linfáticos da pele, invadindo de seguida os hepatócitos, onde se desenvolvem em merozoítos por meio de um processo de reprodução assexuada. Após um período de, pelo menos 7 dias, os hepatócitos infetados libertam dezenas de milhares de merozoítos que invadem, cada um, um eritrócito. Depois, cada merozoíto, ou sofre uma nova ronda de reprodução assexuada, ou se desenvolve na forma sexuada do parasita (gametócitos macho e fêmea). Os gametócitos não causam sintomas, sendo ingeridos pelos mosquitos e envolvendo-se na reprodução sexuada dentro do estômago do mosquito, perpetuando assim o ciclo 2 .Os sintomas da malária ...

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Real-time PCR diagnosis of Plasmodium vivax among blood donors

Cited by 19 publications

References 28 publications

Detection of Malaria in Healthy Blood Donors using PCR in an Endemic Area in Yemen

Detection of Malaria in Healthy Blood Donors using PCR in an Endemic Area in Yemen

What is the best strategy for the prevention of transfusion-transmitted malaria in sub-Saharan African countries where malaria is endemic?

Malária grave secundária a co-infecção por Plasmodium falciparum e Plasmodium ovale

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