Real-time power system simulation for automatic generation control

Abstract

A digital simulation program d for the design of improved automatic generation control algorithms is described. The program can also be used for study of long-term system dynunics fobwing large bad or generation ch.aeak since the simulitkm -'faster t h n real-time, the program tan be d a a real-time power system simulator for control systern checkout and operator tnining.The simulation represents the major Pacific Northwest powerplants plus equivalents for the interconnected power system. Included is a nedy developed Kaplan hydro turbine model. Automatic generation control models include pon-lineir digital ritering and recently developed digital powerplant conpollen. 'For stuchaatic load changes, close statistical compuison was obtained between simulation and actual system lecdrdg ~O D U C T I O N Automatic generation control (AGC) is the primary power system control applied on a "system" basi s. Area automatic generation control matches area generation to area load by controlling generation to d n t a i n thline interchapge schedules and 60 Hz system frequency. The simulation program was developed for two principal reasons: 1. To investigate improved central AGC algorithms compatible with + u s types of 'powerplant control equipment. Time domain simulations. of power system process and .controls are the most practical design method. 2. To develop a real-time AGC simulator for the Bonneville Power Admhktration (BPA) Dittmer Control Center.The central AGC algorithms can then control either the real system or the simulator. This will provide an operator training tool as well as means of checkout of algorithm changes, parameter adjustments, e k .In addition, the program is suitable for study of long-term system dynamics (AGC, governor, prime mover, and energy supply dynamics following large load or generation changes). h p c r F 75 454-9, recommended and approved by the IEEE Power System E~~IIw& Committee of the JEEE Power bghming sodety for presentation at the A simulation was set up which includes 10 Pacific Northwest (PNW) Federal powerplants and 2-3 equivalents for each of the 14 AGC areas interconnected with the PNW Federal system. The entire Western US. system ( a b u t 60, OOO MW) is represei~ted by lumping nonadjacent AGC areas int6 A(% areas directly interconnected with BPA.

Diagonal Stability of Systems with Rank-1 Interconnections and Application to Automatic Generation Control in Power Systems

“…Industry implementations of AGC are incredibly varied, and often include logical subroutines for reducing the activity of the AGC system and for handling system-specific conditions and operator preferences (e.g., [27], [54]). The fundamental underlying characteristic that enables the success of these diverse implementations is the slow time constant of AGC (minutes) relative to primary control dynamics (seconds).…”

Robust Power System Frequency Control

“…The major part of the work reported so far has been performed by considering continuous time power system models. The digital and discrete-type frequency regulator is also reported in some work [32,62,[101][102][103][104][105][106][107][108][109].…”

Transitions from Analog to Digital Computing in Electric Power Systems

“…68 Perhaps the timing is mere coincidence, but it is noteworthy that manufacturers began to introduce operator-training simulators on digital computers in the late 1970s. 69 Utilities sought computer programs to create "a realistic environment for system dispatchers to practice operating tasks and experience emergency operating situations." 70 As power companies phased out analog computing equipment, system operators lost the experience of working with scale models of the power network.…”